世界遗产、旅游目的地和农业遗产景观:以加拿大新斯科舍省大草地为例（英文）

加拿大新斯科舍省的大草地是传统土地利用的杰出例子,反映了人类与独特环境相互作用,也因此被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。大草地不但是加拿大最肥沃的农业景观,还是一个标志性历史遗址,承载着1755年的驱逐阿卡迭人的历史悲剧,吸引了无数游客慕名而来。而今面临着农业的转变和旅游业的衰败双重威胁,人们对大草地于2012年成为世界遗产及其所带来的旅游发展充满期待。本文将大草地作为全球重要农业文化遗产,根据以前的研究,对其成为世界遗产地之后该地区未来经济繁荣和可持续发展的情况进行了探讨。     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

中国对虾幼体消化系统的组织化学研究

本文采用组织化学方法对中国对虾幼体消化系统中几种酶的变化进行了研究。比较分析了饱食和饥饿状态下,消化系统的结构和组织化学变化。前肠仅呈现ＰＡＳ阳性反应。中肠和中肠腺除呈现ＰＡＳ阳性反应外,其酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）和磷旨酸Ａ（ＥＣ）等均呈阳性。随着幼体发育,除ＥＣ阳性反应逐渐减弱外,其它均呈逐渐增强的趋势。另外在饥饿状态下,其酶活性均较饱食状态下的要弱。     

中国遗产保护中地质公园面临的挑战

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.     

G-WADI—the first decade

The G-WADI network by UNESCO promotes the global capacity for management of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. The primary aim has been to build a comprehensive global network to promote regional and international cooperation so as to increase knowledge and improve management practices through the sharing of information. The G-WADI objectives and achievements of the past 10 years are reviewed. A number of key initiatives have been implemented––the formation of five regional networks, the creation of a central G-WADI web site, promotion of near-real-time rainfall distribution software enhanced by the inclusion of satellite based precipitation estimations, as well as workshop and web-based activities on chemical and isotopic tracers and on rain water harvesting. Two workshops on surface and on groundwater modeling, supported by publications have been held in India and China. The Asian G-WADI network remains very active, but activities in the other three regions are developing (Africa, Arab Region, Latin America and the Caribbean).     

湘西奥陶系红色碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成特征及古环境意义

红色碳酸盐岩是华南奥陶系的一种具有紫红—砖红色调的代表性沉积岩,其中可能蕴含特殊的古环境信息。湖南湘西三百洞地区具有一条出露良好、厚层为主的红色碳酸盐岩剖面,主要发育于大湾组和牯牛潭组内,文章对该段地层采集了355件碳、氧同位素和Mn、Sr元素分析样品,以及10件牙形刺化石样品进行研究。根据牙形刺样品约束,大湾组底界可能大致相当于弗洛阶顶界,大湾组和牯牛潭组界线在达瑞威尔阶中下部,牯牛潭组顶界大致相当于达瑞威尔阶顶界。据显微薄片鉴定、δ¹³C-δ¹⁸O相关性分析和Mn-Sr元素评估,推断样品受到成岩作用影响不大。355件同位素测试样品显示三百洞剖面的δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O均为低幅高频振荡,δ¹³C在-0.38‰～1.67‰之间,δ¹⁸O在-9.34‰～-7.21‰之间,其中可与全球对比的同位素事件有大坪阶底部碳同位素负漂事件(BDNICE)和达瑞威尔阶中部碳同位素漂移事件(MDICE),可以间接对比的有达瑞威尔阶下部碳同位素负漂事件(LDNICE),此外还有2...     

Expanding fisheries co-management to ecosystem-based management: A case in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area,Japan

Fisheries co-management in the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area was expanded to ecosystem-based management, in which the fisheries sector plays an essential role in management. A marine management plan was drawn up to define the management objectives, strategies to maintain major species, and methods for ecosystem monitoring. A network of coordinating organizations from a wide range of sectors was established to integrate policy measures. Experience from this case could inform ecosystem-based management in other countries where large numbers of small-scale fishers take a wide range of species under a fisheries co-management regime.     

海洋微生物技术

海洋生物技术学（ＭａｒｉｎｅＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,或称海洋生物工程学）兴起于本世纪８０年代。海洋微生物技术是海洋生物技术学的一个组成部分。文中就抗生素、抗心血管化合物、抗病毒及抗肿瘤化合物、海洋生物毒素及酶等海洋生物活性物质,生物粘膜和生物污着,海洋污染的生物治理及水产养殖动物病害诊断与防治等海洋微生物技术的最新进展作了比较全面的综述。     

Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother pol- icy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Prov- ince, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled des- ignation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmoni- ous partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.     

Geotourism,geoconservation, and geodiversity along the belt and road: A case study of Dunhuang UNESCO Global Geopark in China

Dunhuang UNESCO Global Geopark (DHGG) is rich in geoheritage and contains scientific value for studying the sedimentation environments and paleoclimates of Western China. The Geopark is also notable for its aesthetic, cultural, artistic, and recreational value for tourism development. Since geographer Sven Hedin’s discovery of a yardang landform around Lop Nur in 1903, the area has been heavily studied. After the site was designated a National Geopark, geoconservation and geotourism began to rapidly develop and problems associated with these changes emerged. This study characterizes some of DHGG’s typical geoheritage, existing geoconservation, launched geotourism, and also describes some of the area’s challenges. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of DHGG arising from the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (B&R) are discussed. To benefit the sustainable development of DHGG, it is prudent to continue promoting geodiversity, geoconservation, and geotourism by making use of the advantages brought by the B&R.