云南永善长坪铁多金属矿矿床成因

矿体赋存于上二叠统宣威组下段铝土质粉砂质泥岩中。赤铁矿为主,次为磁铁矿、菱铁矿等。矿体与底板围岩呈突变关系,赤铁矿化强烈。     

云南武定刺竹箐铅锌矿矿床成因

矿体赋存于主干断裂附近的次级构造裂隙中,分硫化矿和氧化矿,属热液充填型铅锌矿。     

云南富宁安那金矿控矿因素分析

安那金矿赋存于中泥盆统坡折落组硅质岩夹薄层状灰岩中。东西向安那不对称褶皱构造是主要控岩控矿构造,次级北东向断裂和层间断裂是矿区的储（容）矿构造;矿区的金矿化与基性岩浆活动关系密切。     

红河车古铁金多金属矿矿化特征及成因探讨

红河县车古铁多金属矿为近期新发现的金矿点,通过矿区已发现的三处矿化体的综合研究,并与典型矿床进行对比,认为本区金矿化体均为热液成因。     

Effect of implementing ecosystem functional type data in a mesoscale climate model

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of land-surface state representation for southern South America, which is based on "functional" attributes of vegetation, and implement a new land-cover (Ecosystem Functional Type, hereafter EFT) dataset in the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. We found that the EFT data enabled us to deal with functional attributes of vegetation and time-variant features more easily than the default land-cover data in the WRF. In order to explore the usefulness of the EFT data in simulations of surface and atmospheric variables, numerical simulations of the WRF model, using both the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the EFT data, were conducted over the La Plata Basin in South America for the austral spring of 1998 and compared with observations. Results showed that the model simulations were sensitive to the lower boundary conditions and that the use of the EFT data improved the climate simulation of 2-m temperature and precipitation, implying the need for this type of information to be included in numerical climate models.     

太阳针状体的观测研究进展

针状体是太阳的基本结构,人们对它的研究已有100多年的历史,在观测和理论方面取得突破性进展。由于针状体本身的特点(小结构尺度、高动态、短寿命),对它的观测研究十分依赖望远镜的分辨率。文章主要描述借助于Hinode卫星搭载的SOT空间望远镜、SST(The Swedish1-m SolarTelescope,瑞典1 m太阳望远镜)等地基太阳望远镜所取得的关于色球针状体及其日面对应物的观测研究成果。主要包括以下几个方面:(1)针状体的形态,如轨迹、高度、长度、速度等,和由此而得到的分类;(2)针状体的日面对应物——纤维和日芒;(3)针状体的起源机制。即便今天,针状体仍然存在许多未解之谜:II型针状体是否存在?针状体和它日面对应物之间的关系是什么?如果存在两种类型的针状体,那么它们的激发机制是什么?它的波动是由什么引起?针状体能否加热日冕和加速太阳风?作为太阳的基本结构,在其他恒星上是否存在?等等。     

大港千米桥潜山储层形成对油气分布的控制

位于黄骅坳陷北大港构造带之下的千米桥潜山是一个深埋的奥陶系碳酸盐岩潜山油气藏。潜山形成经历了中—新生代褶皱抬升—埋藏改造等复杂的地质过程,碳酸盐岩储层成因复杂,有效孔隙分布具有极强的非均质性,严重影响了晚期油气的充注。对碳酸盐岩储层成岩过程的解析表明,中生代强烈构造变形事件之后的大气水岩溶作用形成了潜山储层基本格架,而第三纪埋藏过程中发生的选择性溶蚀与胶结作用则使储层结构复杂化,储集空间分割性进一步加强。在潜山油气充注过程中,缝洞系统与供烃窗口的对接关系决定着油气主疏导网络分布,而疏导网络与储集空间的连通与否则控制潜山油气分布。千米桥潜山油气藏应属于成岩封闭的裂缝性油气藏,而非块状油气藏。     

吉林大阳岔层型剖面寒武系——奥陶系界线附近沉积环境的讨论

本文通过吉林大阳岔寒武系—奥陶系层型剖面野外地质考察,对其界线附近的沉积岩岩石学以及对区域地层对比有标志作用的海绿石进行了各种分析测试和综合研究,并对界线附近的沉积环境进行了有益的讨论。     

翡翠的鉴定特征

根据翡翠的不同加工处理方式,市场上将翡翠分为A货、B货、C货3类,通过对翡翠A、B、C货的各种物理性质及内外部特征的比较,阐述了它们之间的鉴别方法和鉴定特点,以及红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪等在翡翠处理方法上的运用.     

Evaluation of the petroleum composition and quality with increasing thermal maturity as simulated by hydrous pyrolysis: A case study using a Brazilian source rock with Type I kerogen

Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments were used to investigate the petroleum composition and quality of petroleum generated from a Brazilian lacustrine source rock containing Type I kerogen with increasing thermal maturity. The tested sample was of Aptian age from the Araripe Basin (NE-Brazil). The temperatures (280–360 °C) and times (12–132 h) employed in the experiments simulated petroleum generation and expulsion (i.e., oil window) prior to secondary gas generation from the cracking of oil. Results show that similar to other oil prone source rocks, kerogen initially decomposes in part to a polar rich bitumen, which decomposes in part to hydrocarbon rich oil. These two overall reactions overlap with one another and have been recognized in oil shale retorting and natural petroleum generation. During bitumen decomposition to oil, some of the bitumen is converted to pyrobitumen, which results in an increase in the apparent kerogen (i.e., insoluble carbon) content with increasing maturation.The petroleum composition and its quality (i.e., API gravity, gas/oil ratio, C₁₅₊ fractions, alkane distribution, and sulfur content) are affected by thermal maturation within the oil window. API gravity, C₁₅₊ fractions and gas/oil ratios generated by HP are similar to those of natural petroleum considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. API gravity of the HP expelled oils shows a complex relationship with increasing thermal maturation that is most influenced by the expulsion of asphaltenes. C₁₅₊ fractions (i.e., saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) show that expelled oils and bitumen are compositionally separate organic phases with no overlap in composition. Gas/oil ratios (GOR) initially decrease from 508–131 m³/m³ during bitumen generation and remain essentially constant (81–84 m³/m³) to the end of oil generation. This constancy in GOR is different from the continuous increase through the oil window observed in anhydrous pyrolysis experiments. Alkane distributions of the HP expelled oils are similar to those of natural crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. Isoprenoid and n-alkane ratios (i.e., pristane/n-C₁₇ and phytane/n-C₁₈) decrease with increasing thermal maturity as observed in natural crude oils. Pristane/phytane ratios remain constant with increasing thermal maturity through the oil window, with ratios being slightly higher in the expelled oils relative to those in the bitumen. Generated hydrocarbon gases are similar to natural gases associated with crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous, with the exception of elevated ethane contents. The general overall agreement in composition of natural and hydrous pyrolysis petroleum of lacustrine source rocks observed in this study supports the utility of HP to better characterize petroleum systems and the effects of maturation and expulsion on petroleum composition and quality.