Vertical eddy diffusivity estimations in Swan river estuary

A field experiment is described in which diapycnal diffusivity is estimated by direct and indirect methods in Swan river estuary, Perth, Western Australia. The microstructure profiles were collected in a narrow and straight part of this estuary using a portable flux profiler (PFP). The profiles were segmented into stationary parts and the rate of vertical eddy diffusivity was estimated for the segments within the pycnocline. The direct measurement showed that instantaneous flux could be positive or negative with a low net rate of vertical eddy diffusivity for mass of about 6.5 × 10⁻⁸ m² s⁻¹. All the indirect methods overestimated this rate. However, within the indirect methods, the method of Osborn yielded the poorest estimate while the method of Osborn and Cox gave the closest estimate.     

Effect of Horizontal Nonuniformity of Diabatic Heating on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure

1. IntroductionMuch attention has been paid to the role playedby diabatic heating in the genesis and intensificationof tropical cyclone (TC). Based on a two-dimensionalprimitive equation model, Li (1984) proposed that theevolution of TC should be different if the maximumheating appears at different height. Yang et al. (1995)found that abrupt intensification of TC at the mid-latitudes is closely related to the vertical structure ofconvective heating. May and Holland (1998) suggestedthat the…     

Relationships between air mass properties and mesoscale rainfall in New Zealand's Southern Alps

This paper identifies relationships between air mass properties and mesoscale rainfall when moist air blows over New Zealand's Southern Alps from the Tasman Sea. Around 50% of the variance in six-hourly rain volumes summed across three separate cross-mountain raingauge transects and in six-hourly rain volume spilling across the alpine divide are statistically explained by the following properties of the approaching air mass: relative humidity, wind velocity normal to the mountains, air mass stability and synoptically induced upward motion. These factors also explain about 25% (r≈0.5) of the variance in the downwind distance reached by the spillover rainfall. For the highest 10% of six-hourly rainfalls, spillover distance and magnitude are negatively correlated with the 700 or 500 hPa temperature. Multiple linear regression equations suitable for predicting rainfall intensity and spillover are developed. A progression is described in the magnitude and depth of vertical motion and resulting condensation rates over the mountains as the properties of the incoming air mass evolve through a storm. These changes, together with greater downwind advection of ice particles compared to raindrops, explain the observed statistical relationships between the air mass properties and mountain rainfall.     

作用于台风系统的动力——热力因子分析

本文导出了台风运动,结构和强度变化的关系方程式,该式表明作用于台风系统的动力－热力因子同时影响台风运动,结构和强度的变化。本文还是导出了台风系统内凝结与降水的不平衡与台风运动的关系方程式,分析该方程所得结果与台风运动的一些实际情况和统计研究结果一致。     

河北张北 6.2级地震前的电磁辐射异常

震前电磁辐射接收记录表明,河北张北地震前在北京,山西太原,河南安阳、洛阳记录到震前异常,这些异常全部在地震发生前结束,若在地震前能全面掌握这些异常,似能预报出河北张北地震。这些异常进一步表明电磁波接收仪能反映地震前兆。指出,为更好地发挥电磁波接收仪的作用,需要解决用计算机网络传递数据的问题。     

沉积物中石英E'心的热力学特性及其地质应用意义

对 8个取自南海珠江口盆地XJ33-2 -1井的样品进行了热力学实验 ,使用电子自旋共振 (ESR)技术获取了样品中石英E′心天然状况下的ESR信号强度I1对经热活化技术处理后石英E′心的ESR信号强度I2 的比值。实验结果表明 :每个样品的活化温度不完全相同 ,这与母岩的特性有关 ;I1/I2 值与古地温呈正相关关系 ;I1/I2 值与地层年龄有很强的相关性 ,相关系数高达0 .99。说明I1/I2 值具有古地温指示和地质计时的实际意义。     

华北地区壳内磁性构造与地震的探讨

通过带通滤波技术对华北地区航磁异常进行处理,分离出深、浅部磁性层异常, 然后运用视磁化强度反演方法和程序,对组成上下磁性层的构造块体进行了圈定, 并结合人工地壳测深及深部流体研究进行了讨论,认为地震是构造块体相互作用、应力积累、能量释放的结果,深部流体为多层次滑脱构造的生成及地震能的积累提供了可能。     

液压挖掘机振动掘削减阻机理研究

铲刃以振动的方式作用于土壤,可以有效地降低液压挖掘机挖掘作业时的阻力。从理论上研究了振动掘削岩土的减阻机理,土壤剪切试验结果表明,振动载荷能够使土壤的内摩擦角变小、抗剪强度下降、最大主应力值减小,从而导致挖掘阻力降低;对土壤在静态载荷和振动载荷作用下的失效过程进行了对比仿真实验研究,可知土壤在振动加载的条件下强度显著下降,并提前于相同条件的静态加载而破坏,同时跟踪X方向的载荷发现,振动掘削最大掘削阻力可降低50 %。     

新型边界积分方程的无单元解及其应用

目前隧道及大型地下工程往往在裂隙岩体中开挖,而裂隙与地下空间的距离及裂隙的扩展条件,制约着隧道及地下工程的稳定性。应用能考虑孔洞和裂纹问题的新型边界积分方程与无网格加辽金法结合,建立一种新型的边界无单元法。在该方法中基本的未知量是由边界上的面力和边界上位移密度函数构成的复变量边界函数 。文中应用的边界积分公式和Muskhelishvili的积分公式直接相关。将无网格构造方法引入新型的边界积分方程,建立了新型的边界无单元法。应用该方法详细分析了含隧道和裂纹间相互关系等问题,其数值结果与解析结果吻合很好,说明该方法的正确性和可行性。     

Some Recent Advances on Ice Related Problems in Offshore Engineering

This paper deals with several hot topics in ice related problems.In recent years,advances havebeen made on ice breaking modes,dynamic ice loads on offshore structures.ice-induced structural vibra-tions,fatigue and fracture by ice-structure interaction,and design of jackets in the Bohai Gulf.