三峡库区巫山县新城址王家屋场滑坡研究

巫山县新城址的地质问题是当前工程地质界关注和争议的焦点,也是库区具有普遍性的问题。王家屋场滑坡是一个具有独特性的滑坡,它的发育具有特殊的区域地质构造和地貌环境。文中详细阐述了滑坡本身的地貌和岩体结构特点,分析得出滑坡经历了先期滑动和后期改造的复杂过程,先期滑动具有多次滑动性,后期改造作用不亚于先期滑坡作用,岩溶溶蚀作用自始至终是滑坡的主导作用,构造破碎为溶蚀作用提供了条件。目前滑坡在整体上是稳定的     

小浪底水库淤积形态数值模拟

水库淤积形态是影响库容分布、水库排沙的一项重要因素。小浪底水库近坝段淤积泥沙粒径极细,具有流动性,针对其细颗粒泥沙淤积特点,揭示了水库细颗粒淤积物的流变特性与流型特征;通过引入水、淤积物、床面之间的界面受力分析,构建了细颗粒淤积物失稳流动描述模式,并与水沙输移模型相耦合,建立了考虑细颗粒淤积物流动特性的水库淤积形态模拟方法,在此基础上对小浪底水库淤积形态进行了验证分析。研究结果表明:低密度细颗粒淤积物为宾汉型流体,淤积平衡坡降较小,当其密度大于1.25 g/cm 3后,流动性快速减弱;考虑细颗粒淤积物流动特征的水库淤积形态模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好。研究成果可为水库淤积形态形成机理及其对水沙调控的响应研究提供技术支撑。     

长江河口青草沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数

为解决上海日益增长的用水需求, 保障淡水资源安全, 需要建设长江河口避咸蓄淡特大型水库。本文应用改进的三维长江河口盐水入侵数值模式, 采用2007和2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行验证, 计算青草沙水库最长不宜取水天数。本文以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年, 考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正, 考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用。根据2003年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为68天, 这个水库设计的重要参数已在水库建设中采用。根据2008年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为54天, 已被水库调度采用。2003年至2008年北支上段河势发生了明显变化, 导致北支盐水倒灌减弱, 因此这期间的最长不宜取水天数减少。     

Induced seismicity at wujiangdu reservoir,China: a case induced in the karst area

To date 19 cases of reservoir-induced seismicity have been acknowledged in China and 15 of them are associated with karst. The Wujiangdu case is a typical one induced in the karst area. The dam with a height of 165 m is the highest built in a karst area in China. Seismic activity has been successively induced in five reservoir segments seven months after the impoundment in 1979. A temporary seismic network consisting of 8 stations was set up in one of the segments some 40 km upstream from the dam. The results indicate that epicenters were distributed along the immediate banks, composed of karstified carbonate, and focal depths were only several hundred meters. Most of the focal mechanisms were of thrust and normal faulting. It is suggested that karst may be an important factor in inducing seismicity. It can provide an hydraulic connection to change the saturation and pressure and also weak planes for dislocation to induce seismicity.     

水库地震主震发生时间的预测

水利工程对水库地震的抗震设防要求事先对水为地震进行预测。预测内容包括蓄水后诱发地震的危险性（可能性、）最大震级、最大震的地占紧及不库地震对场址地震动参数的影响。除主震时间的预测外，本文第一作者都曾提出过初步的预测方法。本文认为，水库地震前震波速比异常、非线性灰色模型以及前震系列回归等方法，是预测主震时间的有前途的方法。     

柴达木盆地西部鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造深层卤水储层特征与锂硼资源富集成因

鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造是柴达木盆地西部鄂博梁Ⅰ-Ⅲ号褶皱带中的一个局部构造,在古新世—上新世以来主要为河流泛滥平原相、滨浅湖相和深湖相构造环境,在“高山深盆”的构造环境下,接受了大量造山带物源碎屑补给并赋存卤水矿床。通过对钻孔岩性、孔隙度、给水度、地球物理测井等数据进行分析,总结下油砂山组下部和干柴沟组地层是区内相对较好的深层卤水赋存层位,可作为深层卤水的重点探矿层位进一步勘查。同时,鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造钻孔深层卤水化学组成及特征系数分析结果显示,该水体为低矿化度(平均值为73.00 g/L)、Na⁺、Cl-为主的卤水,其中Li、B等元素含量达到边界品位以上,Br、I元素含量也达到或接近综合利用标准,具有较好的深层卤水找矿前景;卤水的成因为柴达木盆地周缘中新生代以来深部火山热泉补给、造山带火山岩物质风化和溶滤盐岩富集成矿。     

A high-precision time–frequency analysis for thin hydrocarbon reservoir identification based on synchroextracting generalized S-transform

Improving the seismic time–frequency resolution is a crucial step for identifying thin reservoirs. In this paper, we propose a new high-precision time–frequency analysis algorithm, synchroextracting generalized S-transform, which exhibits superior performance at characterizing reservoirs and detecting hydrocarbons. This method first calculates time–frequency spectra using generalized S-transform; then, it squeezes all but the most smeared time–frequency coefficients into the instantaneous frequency trajectory and finally obtains highly accurate and energy-concentrated time–frequency spectra. We precisely deduce the mathematical formula of the synchroextracting generalized S-transform. Synthetic signal examples testify that this method can correctly decompose a signal and provide a better time–frequency representation. The results of a synthetic seismic signal and real seismic data demonstrate that this method can identify some reservoirs with thincknesses smaller than a quarter wavelength and can be successfully applied for hydrocarbon detection. In addition, examples of synthetic signals with different levels of Gaussian white noise show that this method can achieve better results under noisy conditions. Hence, the synchroextracting generalized S-transform has great application prospects and merits in seismic signal processing and interpretation.     

中国南方海相含油气保存单元的层次划分与综合评价

以最近十年中国南方的海相新区油气勘探评价成果为依托 ,以油气成藏和整体封闭保存体系评价为核心 ,在渝东—湘鄂西、中下扬子和滇黔桂三大区域划分出 9个有利区块 5 1个含油气保存单元 ,并将其归纳为四个层次。综合评价认为 ,方西和石柱保存单元具有较好的整体封存体系 ,属持续性含油气保存单元 ,为首选勘探目标 ;江汉盆地南部、句容—海安区块、南鄱阳坳陷、楚雄盆地东北部具备或基本具备整体封存条件 ,属于沉积重建型含油气保存单元 ,通过精细勘探可望获得商业性油气流 ;楚雄盆地西北部、南盘江坳陷、十万大山盆地和渝东—湘鄂西地区利川复向斜由于晚期强烈构造改造而仅存在部分封存体系 ,需要攻关探索 ;思茅、渝东—湘鄂西地区的花果坪和桑植—石门地区已失去整体封闭保存条件 ,仅局部存在封存体系 ,地质条件高度复杂 ,勘探风险甚高。     

江苏台南油田储层地质模型的建立及应用

溱潼凹陷台南油田储层非均质性严重，极大地影响了油田的开发效率。运用变差函数方法，研究井间储层纵，横向变化的特点，用克立金法和条件模拟法建立台南油田储层地质模型。该模型在油田开发调整井部署，注采井设计等方面取得了较好的应用效果。