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151.
Robert L. Nowack Wang-Ping Chen Ulrich Kruse Saptarshi Dasgupta 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):1921-1936
We carry out a sequence of numerical tests to understand conditions under which rapid changes in crustal thickness can be
reliably imaged by teleseismic body waves. Using the finite-difference method over a 2-D grid, we compute synthetic seismograms
resulting from a planar P-wavefield incident below the grid. We then image the Moho using a migration scheme based on the Gaussian beam representation
of the wavefield. The use of Gaussian beams for the downward propagation of the wavefield is particularly advantageous in
certain geologically critical cases such as overthrusting of continental lithosphere, resulting in the juxtaposition of high-velocity
mantle material over crustal rocks. In contrast to ray-based methods, Gaussian beam migration requires no special treatment
to handle such heterogeneities. Our results suggest that with adequate station spacing and signal-to-noise ratios, offsets
of the Moho, on the order of 10 km in height, can be reliably imaged beneath thickened crust at depths of about 50 km. Furthermore,
even sharp corners and edges are faithfully imaged when precise values of seismic wave speeds are available. Our tests also
demonstrate that flexibility in choices of different types of seismic phases is important, because any single phase has trade-offs
in issues such as spatial resolution, array aperture, and amplitude of signals. 相似文献
152.
The Fuyang oil-layer in North Songliao Basin is characterized by thin interbedded sands and shales, strong lateral variation, strong reservoir heterogeniety, and so on. The thickness of individual sand layers is generally 3 - 5 m. Identifying the channel sand-bodies of the Fuyang oil layer using seismic techniques is very difficult due to the low seismic resolution. Taking the GTZ area as an example, we discuss the genetic characteristics of the channel sand-bodies and point out the real difficulty in using seismic techniques to predict the channel sand-bodies. Two methods for the identification of channels are presented: frequency spectrum imaging and pre-stack azimuthal anisotropy. Identifying the channel sand-bodies in Fuyu oil-layer using the two seismic methods results in a success rate up to 80% compared with well data. 相似文献
153.
研究数字化核探测器输出脉冲信号的幅度提取问题。根据闪烁探测器的电路特性,推导了其脉冲信号理想曲线方程。综合利用三和值法、最小二乘法、试探法等方法,设计了该理想曲线拟合算法。由脉冲信号采样点数据,通过曲线拟合,计算出曲线的极大值,该值即为闪烁探测器输出脉冲信号的幅度。正反演数据结果对比表明,采用曲线拟合算法提取闪烁探测器输出脉冲信号幅度,其方案可行,计算结果更准确。相较于数字滤波和数字脉冲成形方法提取核探测器输出脉冲幅度,该算法更简单,对仪器的硬件处理速度要求更低。该方法开辟了核探测器脉冲幅度提取的新途径。 相似文献
154.
首先介绍了激光测距仪的发展历程,针对应用领域的不同,分别对3维激光成像仪和机载/星载激光测高仪的测量原理进行了阐述,并分别介绍了两种激光测距仪的工作流程以及数据处理流程,最后对两种激光测距仪的应用范围进行了阐述,并把两种激光测距技术和普通摄影测量进行了比较,指出了激光测距技术相对于普通摄影测量的优点,即高精度性、穿透性、实时性。 相似文献
155.
156.
Two high-sensitivity imaging gamma-ray telescopes, MACE and TACTIC, are being set up at Mt. Abu, India, for making detailed spectral and temporal investigations of galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources in the photon energy bands. E 20–200 GeV and 0.5–5TeV respectively. Here, we estimate the effective red-shift ranges of these telescopes for detecting gamma-ray signals from the EGRET-detected AGN's and identify the most likely candidate-sources for detection by the MACE and the TACTIC, under the assumption that the EGRET-inferred power-law spectra for these AGN's extend into the GeV-TeV range without any change in shape. Extremum bounds of the relevant intergalactic background radiation fields, suggested by various observational and theoretical considerations, have been used to estimate the attenuation of VHE gamma-ray fluxes due to photon-photon pair-production process, leading to the desired z-ranges for these instruments. 相似文献
157.
How-Wei Chen 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,133(2):363-378
This paper presents a geometrically based algorithm for computing synthetic seismograms for energy transmitted through a 3-D velocity distribution. 3-D ray tracing is performed to compute the traveltimes and geometrical spreading (amplitude). The formulations of both kinematic and dynamic ray-tracing systems are presented. The two-point ray-tracing problem is solved by systematically updating the initial conditions and adjusting the ray direction until the ray intersects the specified endpoint. The amount of adjustment required depends on the derivatives of the position with respect to the given starting angles between consecutive rays. The algorithm uses derivatives to define the steepest-descent direction and to update the initial directions. The convergence rate depends on the complexity of the model.
Test seismograms compare favourably with those from a 2-D asymptotic ray theory algorithm and a 3-D Gaussian-beam algorithm. The algorithm is flexible in modelling arbitrary source and recorder geometries for various smoothly varying 3-D velocity distributions. The algorithm is further tested by simulating surface-to-tunnel vibroseis field data. Shear waves as well as compressional waves may be approximately included. Application of the algorithm to a data set from the Rainier Mesa of the Nevada Test Site produced a good fit to the transmitted (first arrival) traveltimes and amplitudes, with approximately 15 per cent variation in the local 3-D velocity. 相似文献
Test seismograms compare favourably with those from a 2-D asymptotic ray theory algorithm and a 3-D Gaussian-beam algorithm. The algorithm is flexible in modelling arbitrary source and recorder geometries for various smoothly varying 3-D velocity distributions. The algorithm is further tested by simulating surface-to-tunnel vibroseis field data. Shear waves as well as compressional waves may be approximately included. Application of the algorithm to a data set from the Rainier Mesa of the Nevada Test Site produced a good fit to the transmitted (first arrival) traveltimes and amplitudes, with approximately 15 per cent variation in the local 3-D velocity. 相似文献
158.
1975 ̄1991年间,广东河源市新丰江水库区发生了5次ML4.7 ̄5.1级地震。距震中10km以内的河源黄子洞地电台记录到了震前不同程度的地电阻率异常变化。采用距平法消除年变干扰后异常延续时间一般为3个月左右,电阻率异常下降幅度在1%左右。利用《指南》中的震兆异常信度分析法确认其异常信度后,利用模糊信息处理法对异常判定地震三要素进行了计算,结果与实际基本符合。 相似文献
159.
利用动测桩中的桩底反射信号研究了应力波在桩体和土体中的衰减情况。结果表明,应力波在桩体中的衰减比在土中小的多,在考虑了桩周土与反射系数的关系后,尝试给出应用桩底反射信号与桩头人射信号振幅之比判定单桩承载力相对大小的基本理论和初步研究结果。 相似文献
160.
云南孟连西7.3级、武定6.5级、丽江7.0级三次强震前地震波振幅比的时空演化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1995年7月12日至1996年2月3日短短7个月,云南地区连续发生了孟连西中缅边境7.3级、武定5.5级、丽江7.0级3次强震,本文研究了近期这几次强震前5个地震台地震图垂直分量S、P波最大振幅比的时空演化特征,动态追踪了振幅比明显偏离平稳态的突变过程。发现主震前5—8年,7级大震震中100km范围出现振幅比高(低)值突变,6级强震震中130km范围出现振幅比高值突变,当振幅比的突变在缓升(降)的背景上骤升(降),或突变异常的地震次数明显增加,则中长期异常进入中短期阶段。在强震震中130km范围内的地震台(近台)振幅比值高达15.2以上,而远离强震震中250km以外的地震台(远台)振幅比最大值仅为9.8,近台的突变幅度至少比远台大30%。而强震成组发生前一年半时间内,位于强震震中110km范围内的近台振幅比的突变幅度比远在250km外远台大55—75%。对振幅比的突变和时空演化特征从非线性动力学模型和模拟实验结果进行了初步成因探讨。 相似文献