Carrara大理岩高温高压变形实验研究

利用高精度的Paterson高温高压流变仪对Carrara大理岩在高温(873~1173K)高压(~300MPa)以及约10-6~10-3s-1应变速率下进行了三轴压缩变形实验。结果表明,在等应变速率条件下,其强度随着温度的升高而降低;在等温和等压条件下,其强度随着应变速率的增加先快速增加而后缓慢增加。在应变速率对差应力的双对数投图中,我们发现随着温度的升高拟合直线的斜率减小,并且在873K和高应变速率时973K温度下Carrara大理岩的流变本构方程服从指数律变化关系;而在高温(1073K和1173K)和973K低应变速率条件下Carrara大理岩的应力指数n为5.3~7.7,且服从幂次律变化关系。因此,Carrara大理岩在本研究的实验条件下主要有两种变形机制,一种是用指数律表示的高应力变形机制;另一种是用幂次律表示的中等应力变形机制。     

基于随机模型溶蚀岩体强度参数研究

由于溶蚀岩体独特的细观结构及其溶蚀发育的差异性,导致了现场原位实验和室内实验获得的单点强度值很难应用于工程中。以溶蚀砾岩为例,在现场调查的基础上,获得了砾岩的溶蚀发育规律,并建立起其概率统计模型,在此基础上利用FLAC3D 建立起数值模型,并对其进行数值三轴试验,获得了其应力-应变曲线; 同时,对不同溶蚀程度的砾岩进行数值三轴试验,获得了大量的强度参数,建立起溶蚀程度与强度之间的关系。另外,对溶蚀砾岩进行室内三轴实验,获得了其强度参数,并和数值试验取得了较为一致的结果。     

A modi?ed failure criterion for transversely isotropic rocks

A modified failure criterion is proposed to determine the strength of transversely isotropic rocks. Me-chanical properties of some metamorphic and sedimentary rocks including gneiss, slate, marble, schist, shale, sandstone and limestone, which show transversely isotropic behavior, were taken into consider-ation. Afterward, introduced triaxial rock strength criterion was modified for transversely isotropic rocks. Through modification process an index was obtained that can be considered as a strength reduction parameter due to rock strength anisotropy. Comparison of the parameter with previous anisotropy in-dexes in literature showed reasonable results for the studied rock samples. The modified criterion was compared to modified Hoek-Brown and Ramamurthy criteria for different transversely isotropic rocks. It can be concluded that the modified failure criterion proposed in this study can be used for predicting the strength of transversely isotropic rocks.     

Modelling the effect of temperature on unsaturated soil behaviour

A simple thermohydromechanical (THM) constitutive model for unsaturated soils is described. The effective stress concept is extended to unsaturated soils with the introduction of a capillary stress. This capillary stress is based on a microstructural model and calculated from attraction forces due to water menisci. The effect of desaturation and the thermal softening phenomenon are modelled with a minimal number of material parameters and based on existing models. THM process is qualitatively and quantitatively modelled by using experimental data and previous work to show the application of the model, including a drying path under mechanical stress with transition between saturated and unsaturated states, a heating path under constant suction and a deviatoric path with imposed suction and temperature. The results show that the present model can simulate the THM behaviour in unsaturated soils in a satisfactory way.     

Sensitivity of the orbital content of a model stellar system to the potential approximation used to describe it

We have classified orbits in a stationary triaxial stellar system created from a cold dissipationless collapse of 100,000 particles. In order to integrate the orbits, two potential approximations with different fitting functions were used in turn. We found that the relative amount of chaotic versus regular orbits does depend on the chosen approximation of potential, even though both models resulted in very good fits of the underlying exact potential. On the other hand, the content of regular orbits, i.e., its distribution among main families, does not strongly depend of the potential approximation, being therefore a more robust signature of the gravitational system under study.     

Predictions of a continuous hyperplasticity model for Bangkok clay

The performance of a new constitutive model called ‘kinematic hardening modified Cam clay’ (KHMCC) is presented. The model is described using the ‘continuous hyperplasticity’ framework. Essentially this involves an infinite number of yield surfaces, thus allowing a smooth transition between elasticity and plasticity. The framework allows soil models to be developed in a relatively succinct mathematical form, since the entire constitutive behaviour can be determined through the specification of two scalar potentials. An implementation of the continuous hyperplasticity model is also described. The model requires eight parameters plus a viscosity coefficient for rate-dependent analysis. The model is defined in terms of triaxial stress–strain variables for this study, and is used to model monotonic triaxial tests on Bangkok clay. Comparisons of the theoretical predictions with the results of cyclic undrained triaxial compression tests on Bangkok clay are also presented.     

Void distributions in samples of Ottawa sand

The void distribution of saturated specimens of Ottawa sand is presented. The presence of water inside the sand specimen is detected using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The void distribution of the sample was determined from the image. The specimen was prepared in a non-metallic triaxial cell and was put insie a MRI apparatus to obtain the image. Two sample preparation methods (wet tamping and dry pluviation) were used to illustrate the uniformity of the samples in the initial state. The void distribution along the height of the sample and the three-dimensional orientational void distribution at different locations inside the sample were analysed. The results indicate that the sample generated by the dry-pluviation method is more uniform than the sample generated by the wet-tamping method. When the wet-tamping sample preparation technique is used, the dense sample is more uniform than the loose sample. The development of voids was investigated by a sample loaded inside the MRI device under drained compression condition. The void distribution along the height of the sample at different stages was observed. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of using the MRI technique to examine void distribution in granular material.     

三分量感应水平线圈系在薄层中的响应特性研究

三分量感应仪器最初的设计目的是测量薄交互层的电导率和层厚.建立0.3m三层和五层薄交互层模型,用COMSOL有限元软件三维数值计算三分量阵列感应8个水平线圈系子阵列响应,详细分析其响应特征与线圈间距和层厚的关系.结果表明,三层模型中的水平子阵列响应特征由其发射、屏蔽和接收在薄层中的位置决定,发射、屏蔽和接收进出薄层,在响应曲线上均有一定表现.当发射和主接收间距小于薄层厚度时,可有效分辨薄层.当发射和屏蔽之间的距离小于层厚时,可利用主接收进出薄层特征点识别薄层厚度.否则,由于发射、屏蔽和接收在层中的位置关系复杂和响应变化大,无法有效分辨薄层.此外,测井响应受围岩影响较大,读数不等于薄层的电导率.研究成果对三分量阵列感应仪器设计和测井响应解释评价具有重要的理论和实际意义.     

Discrete element method simulations of bio-cemented sands

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has emerged as a novel soil improvement method. In this paper, 3-D discrete element method (DEM) simulations are used to explore the behavior of MICP-cemented sands. Comparisons of the macro-scale response of numerical and physical specimens are made. Microstructure analyses indicate a shear band formed in the numerical specimens, consistent with physical experiments. The bond breakage pattern in numerical specimens is explored and compared to observed measurements from physical specimens. The relationship between dilatancy and stress-strain behavior is evaluated. The results indicate DEM is an effective technique to capture the mechanical behavior of MICP-cemented sand.