福建永安-晋江断裂带东南段探槽剖面研究

分析断裂的地表出露特征,对北西向永安-晋江断裂带东南段的隐伏断裂,进行探槽开挖和地层年代学测试。通过对官前主干断裂进行探槽开挖,揭露出北西向官前主干断裂没有向上错断上覆第四系,探槽揭示的最老第四系年龄为距今45.69±3.88 Ka,表明了官前主干断裂在更新世晚期以来已不再活动,为永安-晋江断裂带东南段的断裂活动性研究奠定了可靠基础。     

Variable microstructure of peridotite samples from the southern Mariana Trench: Evidence of a complex tectonic evolution

We retrieved samples of peridotite from a dredge haul (KH92-1-D2) collected during Cruise KH92-1 undertaken by the research vessel (R/V) Hakuho in 1992 at the landward trench slope of the southern Mariana Trench (11°41.16′N, 143°29.62′E; depth 6594–7431 m), which is the deepest ocean in the world. Ten of 30 retrieved samples possessed both a foliation and lineation, as assessed from 46 thin sections of various orientations and observations of hand samples. The samples showed marked variation in microstructure, ranging from coarse (> 5 mm) equigranular and intensely elongated textures to finer (< 1 mm) porphyroclastic and fine-grained equigranular textures. Olivine fabrics also varied among the different samples, with (010)[100] and (010)[001] patterns (termed A- and B-type, respectively) observed in samples with coarse textures and no clear patterns observed in samples with fine textures. Even though the peridotite samples were retrieved from a single dredge site, some contain primary tectonic microstructures and some contain secondary microstructures. Recent bathymetric and topographic analyses indicate that the lithosphere in this region is as thin as 20 km. Such a thin lithosphere may have been intensely deformed, even perhaps in the ductile regime, during fore-arc extension; consequently, the observed variations in microstructure within the peridotite samples probably reflect the complex tectonic evolution of the southern Mariana region.     

Trench effects on lateral p-y relations for pipelines embedded in stiff soils and rocks

Existing relationships for lateral backfill pressures on pipelines assume that the trench is adequately wide to contain the failure surface. This condition is commonly violated in design and construction practice, putting at risk the pipeline safety. In this context, size and shape effects for trenches excavated in stiff soils and rocks, are numerically investigated, through experimentally-calibrated parametric analyses. It is shown that, for narrow trenches, ultimate pressures and yield displacements may increase up to an order of magnitude compared to “infinite-trench” values, while excavation of inclined walls reduces the above detrimental effects. Simplified relations are developed to aid pipeline design.     

旅游开发活动对沙坝-潟湖景观稳定性的影响分析——以广西北海银滩沙坝-潟湖景观为例

以北海银滩两组沙坝—潟湖景观的旅游开发为例,基于1990,2000和2003年的遥感数据和GIS技术,研究旅游开发活动对沙坝—潟湖景观稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,1)目前沙坝(滩)用于旅游开发,人类活动作用下加速岸滩的蚀退和潟湖的淤积,使沙坝—潟湖景观体系走向衰退。2)人类活动作用下两组沙坝—潟湖景观呈同步变化,海岸景观生态过程与联系使得整体的演变效应明显扩大。3)旅游活动影响下的沙坝——潟湖景观格局的稳定性主要取决于旅游经济活动对沙坝——潟湖景观的合理利用。研究结果可为沙坝—潟湖景观和海滩旅游度假区的旅游开发及生态管理提供参考和借鉴。     

南海主要岛礁概率海啸风险评估

影响地震海啸的震源参数众多且具有很强的不确定性,充分评估海啸风险需要大量的情景模拟.本文基于建立的概率海啸风险模型,采用一种高效的海啸模拟方法,评估了南海主要岛礁的概率海啸风险.通过对历史地震数据的分析,综合考虑震级、震中位置、震源深度的随机性,形成了百万数量级的潜在地震情景集,并通过叠加近似方法实现了大量地震情景引发...