Seismic moment tensor for intermediate depth earthquakes at regional distances in Southern Spain

A method has been developed to obtain the seismic moment tensor components by linear inversion of P waves recorded at regional distance for intermediate depth earthquakes. The seismic moment tensor is separated into double couple (DC) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) parts. The method has been applied to four earthquakes (64<h<95 km) which occurred in the Malaga region (southern Spain). Solutions for the 1987 event show a percentage of CLVD of 20% with a short source time function and DC part corresponding to vertical motion. For the 1989, 1990 and 1992 earthquakes, percentages of CLVD between 0% and 6% have been found. Comparison with the results obtained in a previous study [Buforn et al., J. Seismol. 1 (1997) 113] by modelling of P waves using a DC model, shows that the use of a more general representation of the source (seismic moment tensor) gives a fit of data for the 1987 event.     

扩底桩深度效应数值解法及其承载力确定方法

根据经典弹性力学理论分析了扩底桩桩－土作用的力学性质和荷载传递机理。用离散法计算侈层地基上桩－土作用的应力、应变及其分布规律，求得桩端阻力临界桩长、临界厚度数值解与其与土的性质和桩的几何尺寸之间的相互关系，给出了考虑深度效应的单桩极限承载力标准值的理论解和计算实例。     

基于瞬时水深模型的最短时间航线自动生成算法

优化的海图航线设计是舰船安全、经济航行的先导和基础。本文提出了一种基于瞬时水深模型的最短时间航线自动生成算法。基于海图静态水深和海域潮位模型,构建瞬时水深模型,动态提取碍航区,并进行航线可行性分析;利用动态规划思想,进行最短时间路径搜索;采用矩形包络分析、相近节点搜索和冗余点删除等策略,进行航线优化。实验表明：本文所提算法,能动态分析航线可行性,搜索最短时间航线; 与传统的最短时间航线算法相比,所提算法可提取航行时间更短的航线;所提取的最短时间航线,与舰船航行的起始时间和舰船航速相关。     

1981-2017年西藏“一江两河”流域5cm地温及其界限温度时空变化特征

利用西藏“一江两河”流域9个气象站点1981-2017年逐日5 cm地温资料,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法,分析了该流域5 cm地温及其界限温度的时空分布、突变特征,并探讨了地温变化率与经纬度、海拔高度之间的关系。结果表明：“一江两河”流域年、季平均5 cm地温总体呈自西向东递增分布,并随海拔升高而降低。1981-2017年流域月平均5 cm地温均呈显著升高趋势,升温率为0.23~0.98 ℃/10a,以4月最大,7月最小。年平均5 cm地温以0.58 ℃/10a的速率显著升高,各季地温也都趋于上升,其中春季升温率最大,夏季最小。5 cm地温≥ 12 ℃表现为初日提早、终日推迟、持续日数延长、积温增加的年际变化趋势。同样,≥ 14 ℃界限温度也有类似的变化,但变幅比≥ 12 ℃的要大。在10年际变化尺度上,流域年、季平均5 cm地温表现为逐年代际升高的变化特征。5 cm地温≥ 12 ℃和≥ 14 ℃界限温度在21世纪前10年呈初日提早、持续日数延长和积温偏多的态势。M-K检验显示,除夏季外,其他三季平均5 cm地温均发生了气候突变,其中春季和秋季的突变点分别出现在2004年和2005年,而冬季发生在1997年;年平均5 cm地温在2003年出现了突变。5 cm地温≥ 12 ℃初日的突变点在2004年,终日发生突变时间较晚,为2014年;持续日数突变点较早,在1997年;积温在2005年发生了突变。而5 cm地温≥ 14 ℃界限温度的突变点发生在2004年前后。相对于气温的变化,5 cm地温的升温幅度更大,突变时间较晚。     

水库地震震源深度校核方法研究与应用

采用人工方法对溪洛渡库首区流动台和距离地震震中最近的4~5个台站的原始数据进行重新分析,将获得的地震震源深度与台网目录的震源深度进行对比分析,发现二者存在明显偏差。流动台和距离震中最近的台站确定的震源深度能更合理地解释地震的成因及水库诱发地震的机理,可为其他水电工程研究水库诱发地震成因时运用地震观测数据确定较为可信的地震震源深度方法提供参考。     

南海风生近惯性能通量的敏感性分析

After validated by the in-situ observation, the slab model is used to study the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux(NIEF) in the South China Sea(SCS) based on satellite-observed wind data, and its dependence on calculation methods and threshold criteria of the mixed layer depth(MLD) is investigated. Results illustrate that the total amount of NIEF in the SCS could be doubled if different threshold criteria of MLD are adopted. The NIEF calculated by the iteration and spectral solutions can lead to a discrepancy of 2.5 GW(1 GW=1×109 W). Results also indicate that the NIEF exhibits spatial and temporal variations, which are significant in the boreal autumn,and in the southern part of the SCS. Typhoons are an important generator of NIEF in the SCS, which could account for approximately 30% of the annual mean NIEF. In addition, deepening of the MLD due to strong winds could lead to a decrease of NIEF by approximately by 10%. We re-estimate the annual mean NIEF in the SCS,which is(10±4) GW and much larger than those reported in previous studies.     

Maximum Force of Inclined Pullout of A Torpedo Anchor in Cohesive Beds

Torpedo anchors have been used in mooring systems for deep-water oil and gas projects owing to their prominent advantages, such as low cost and easy installation. The maximum force of torpedo anchors is crucial not only to the safety and stability of vessels and other marine facilities, but also for an economical design. It is necessary to develop reliable formula for fast predicting their maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor in cohesive beds. In this study, the maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was extensively investigated. 316 sets of inclined pullout laboratory tests were carried out for 9 differently shaped torpedo anchors which were vertically embedded in different cohesive beds. The loading curves were automatically acquisitioned and their characteristics were analyzed. The load angle relative to the horizontal varied from 20° to 90°. A new formula for fast calculating the maximum inclined force of the torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was obtained based on force analysis and a nonlinear regression on the data from the present and other studies. Effect aspects on the tests are discussed and further studies are highlighted.     

内孤立波作用下竖直圆柱体的横向力研究

本文对内孤立波作用下圆柱体的水动力特性进行了数值研究。对不同直径、不同水深比、不同浸没深度的圆柱进行了水平方向受力分析,从多个因素出发,研究了内孤立波对水下竖直圆柱的水平作用情况。通过分析水平作用力和力矩的时程曲线,得到内孤立波行进过程中对于圆柱体的横向作用力和力矩与时间的关系。通过对比不同工况下内孤立波橫向作用力幅值,得到内孤立波作用力幅值与圆柱直径、水深比以及浸没深度的关系。结果表明,内孤立波横向作用力(力矩)幅值与圆柱直径呈线性相关关系,但与水深比相关关系不明显,随着圆柱浸没深度的增加,内孤立波横向作用力幅值呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。     

马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒垂直分布及动态变化

为探究马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒生态特征的垂直变化规律,本研究于2015年12月采集马里纳亚海沟表层到8727m共六层水样,对浮游病毒丰度,浮游细菌丰度,微微型浮游植物丰度以及裂解性浮游病毒生产力进行了分析。流式细胞技术分析结果表明,马里亚纳海沟各层浮游病毒丰度范围为1.27×105—1.93×106VLP/mL,其中表层丰度最高,随后逐渐降低,最低值出现在3699m处。而在深渊海沟区域内病毒丰度略有上升,最深处8727m病毒丰度为2.85×105VLP/mL。马里亚纳海沟裂解性浮游病毒生产力变化范围为2.86×104—4.21×105VLP/(mL·h),其垂直分布呈现出与浮游病毒丰度相似的趋势,生产力最高值出现在表层,随后在相对较低的水平变动,而在深渊海沟区域内随深度略微上升, 8727m处生产力为4.08×104VLP/(mL·h)。同时本文根据假定的研究区域浮游病毒平均裂解量及宿主平均有机物质含量计算出病毒导致的细菌死亡率(VMM)以及相应的有机碳和有机氮释放量,其中VMM变化范围为1.59×103—2.34×104cells/(mL·h),8727m处VMM为2.27×103cells/(mL·h)。而每小时病毒导致的细菌死亡数在总细菌数量中占比在8727m处最低,为4.6%,这表明浮游病毒在深海环境中的侵染活性相对较低,可能由于极端环境下浮游病毒多以溶源状态存在。在深渊海沟内部观察到相对较高的浮游病毒丰度以及相对较低的病毒生产力水平,表明该水域浮游病毒死亡率较低,这或许与海沟内温度极低且环境相对隔离有关。各层浮游病毒丰度及生产力与环境因子间相关性分析结果表明,浮游病毒丰度和生产力均与浮游细菌丰度表现出较高的正相关关系(P0.05),同时病毒生产力也表现出与温度的显著正相关性,表明浮游病毒的活跃程度主要依赖于宿主细胞的浓度以及海水温度。     

鳞侧石鳖属(Leptochiton)一物种在西太平洋雅普海沟分布的新记录

蛟龙号载人潜水器在位于雅普海沟北部6 745 m深处的底栖沉积环境中采集到两只石鳖样本,这是石鳖物种分布于此的新记录。形态学和DNA分子标记均支持两只石鳖为鳞侧石鳖属（Leptochiton）同一物种。该种在形态上与L.vanbellei和L.deforgesi接近;在系统发生方面,与L.vanbellei,L.deforgesi和L.boucheti的亲缘关系密切。这是截至目前世界石鳖分布报道的第三深度记录。