Linking spatial data from different sources: the effects of change of support

A nationwide Environmental Public Health Tracking program is being created to monitor environmental impacts on human health. This, and many other efforts to relate environmental and health outcomes, depend largely on the synthesis of existing data sets; little new data are being generated for this purpose. More often than not, the data available for such synthesis have been collected for different geographic or spatial units, and any set of these units may be different from the one of interest. In this paper, we compare and contrast two approaches that can be used within a Geographic Information System to link spatial data from different sources. The first approach works with centroids of areal units and is commonly used in environmental health analyses. The second approach honors the spatial support (size, shape and orientation) of the data. Using traditional regression models and a spatially-varying coefficient regression model, we show that different linkage methods can lead to different inference. We describe key ideas pertaining to the support of spatial data that are often ignored in many analyses of environmental health data and present a general analytical approach to change-of-support problems.     

用GRACE星间速度恢复地球重力场

本文首先给出了用星间速度恢复地球重力场的数学模型,然后用GRACE卫星30天的星间速度观测值计算了一个100阶的地球重力场模型DQM2006S2。为了对这一模型的精度进行评述,将它与EGM 96,EIGEN-CHAMP03S和GGM01S3个地球重力场模型作了比较,并用这一模型计算了高程异常与GPS/水准实际观测值进行了比较,结果表明:DQM2006S2模型精度优于EGM 96和EIGEN-CHAMP03S模型精度,但是不及GGM01S模型精度。精度不及GGM01S的原因是GGM01S模型使用了111天的星间速度数据,其数据量约为DQM2006S2模型使用数据量的4倍。     

Alternative measures of dispersion applied to flow in a convoluted channel

Steady flow in a convoluted channel is studied via Particle Tracking Velocimetry. The channel is constructed from a sequence of closed parallel cylindrical tubes welded together in plane which are then sliced down the lateral mid-plane and the lower complex is laterally shifted relative to the upper complex. Flow is induced in the lateral direction normal to the axis of the tubes. The a-time, T_a, finite-size Lyapunov exponent, λ_a, and the real-space self- and distinct-part of the intermediate scattering functions, G_s and G_d, and the pair density function, G_p, are computed from the data. Particle trajectories, velocity maps and streamlines show the channel has two prominent recirculation zones and a main flow region. The first passage time probability density function of tagged particles past a plane transverse to the mean flow illustrates how particles are delayed by recirculation zones. The delay caused by fluid element folding is manifested in single particle statistics such as the first passage time and the slowing increase in horizontal evolution of G_s. G_p describes initial particle distribution and allows areas in the flow domain trapping particles to be identified and visualized. G_d shows the evolution of the average separation of pairs of particles and when examined in a recirculation zone, it evolves little because of fluid element rotation. λ_a gives information on what transpires at a fixed scale and provides an estimate of the rate at which particles initially separated by a distance x separate to a distance ax as opposed to G_d which allows one to view changes over time. At small separations, λ_1.3 approaches a constant and for intermediate separations it scales as x^−0.8.     

基于FPGA及DSP的测井遥传信号解码技术

综合化测井数据采集系统的硬件设计采用了可靠性较高的compactPCI总线结构以及FPGA、DSP等技术,软件采用了实时操作系统VxWorks．利用FPGA和DSP技术实现了测井遥传信号的解码,保证了系统的实时性和可靠性能够满足测井采集的要求．系统已在现场应用,验证了设计方案可行的．     

山东地震前兆台网地下流体数据跟踪分析

介绍了山东省地震前兆台网地下流体学科数据跟踪分析工作概况,从观测系统、自然环境、场地环境、人为干扰、地球物理事件、不明原因等方面分析了2015年1月至2017年6月跟踪到的非正常变化事件。通过数据跟踪分析,查明了山东区域前兆台网流体学科观测运行的制约因素,提出了合理化建议,以提高观测数据质量。并对荣成鲁32井水温观测数据出现的典型非正常变化事件进行了跟踪分析,判定其为地震前兆异常。     

闸门-地基非线性动力相互作用分析

采用大型有限元软件对地基、闸门进行整体建模,讨论了在动力相互作用的分析中,简单截断人工边界的合理取值范围以及土体非线性的塑性性质对分析结果的影响;比较了在深层搅拌桩加固的复合地基中,按桩、土分别独立建模与按常规的平均法进行分析的差异。分析结果表明,不同的分析模型,人工边界的合理取值范围是不一样的;土体的滤波作用及其塑性的非线性性质对分析结果有重大的影响;对深层搅拌桩加固的复合地基,应该按实际把桩、土分别独立建模进行分析。分析结果对工程实际有一定的指导意义。     

复杂地层隧道洞口施工方案设计要点的探讨

从复杂地层的特点出发,针对隧道洞口施工中需要解决的主要问题,简述了有关技术方法的特点,论述了在复杂地质条件下选择、确定隧道洞口施工方案时应考虑的一些基本因素。     

Nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems

This paper realizes a nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems by a designed nondestructive and complete Bell-state analyser. In the scheme, Bell states are completely discriminated by two bits of classical informations which comes from the locality single atom detection on two auxiliary atoms, during which the Bell states are not affected. The needed devices are well within the bounds of current technology, and then the scheme is experimentally feasible.     

Two quantum oscillators coupled with a planar radio frequency ion trap

In this scheme, two quantum oscillators in a planar radio frequency ion trap are coupled by the trap electrodes. The ions motional states encode the quantum bits (qubits), and a swap gate could be achieved. Under different conditions of the experiments, the intensity of the coupling between two quantum oscillators and the dissipation of the system are calculated. We compute fidelities for a quantum swap gate and discuss experimental issues.     

基于雷达组合反射率拼图和深度学习的中尺度对流系统识别、追踪与分类方法

中尺度对流系统（Mesoscale Convective System,MCS）是很多对流性天气的主要致灾体,可导致严重的气象和水文灾害,如雷暴大风、冰雹、龙卷风和山洪。对MCS进行准确的识别和追踪,并根据追踪轨迹及获得的MCS特征实现MCS的分类,对灾害天气的分析和预报有重要意义。基于京津冀地区2010—2019年的雷达组合反射率拼图资料,分别使用支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）、极度梯度提升决策树（XGBoost）和深度神经网络（DNN）4种机器学习方法,研发了京津冀地区MCS的自动识别算法。使用时、空重叠追踪法对识别的MCS进行追踪匹配,得到包含强度、时间和空间信息的MCS追踪数据资料。在区分线状对流系统和非线状对流系统的基础上,进一步从经典的尾随层云（Trailing Stratiform,TS）、前导层云（Leading Stratiform,LS）和平行层云（Parallel Stratiform,PS）三类准线性MCS的概念模型和结构特征出发,根据追踪轨迹计算MCS的运动方向和MCS近似长轴两侧层状云和强对流云的面积占比,建立准线性MCS的分类算法。MCS的识别属于二分分类问题,以命中率（POD）、虚警率（FAR）、临界成功指数（CSI）和准确率（ACC）为评价指标,综合对比各项指标发现DNN模型较SVM、RF和XGBoost模型对MCS的识别效果更好。使用时、空重叠追踪法对DNN模型识别的MCS进行追踪,结合对两个追踪实例的分析,发现本研究所用的算法取得了很好的追踪结果,也进一步说明了深度学习方法识别MCS的准确性和优势。根据追踪轨迹计算某时刻MCS的运动方向,结合识别的层状云和强对流云的分布位置,准确实现了TS、LS和PS型准线性MCS的分类,为准线性MCS的生命史预测及其致灾天气特别是短时强降水的强度、位置和持续时间的客观预报提供了一种技术思路。