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41.
The Multi frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) onboard Oceasat-1 was used to develop a retrieval method fornear-surface specific humidity by means of multivariate regressiontechnique. The MSMR measures the microwaveradiances in 8 channels at the frequencies of 6.6, 10.7, 18 and 21 GHzfor both vertical and horizontal polarizations. Regression coefficients were derived using the ship reports of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) for the months of July, October and December, in 1999. Daily near-surface specific humidity data from COADS in 2° × 2° latitude/longitude bins and collocated brightness temperature data from MSMR were used to derive the coefficients. The derived coefficients werevalidated with humidity given in COADS.A linear relationship is established to determine the near-surface specifichumidity from MSMR brightness temperature (Tb) with an rms error of 1.2 g kg-1 for individual situations and an rms errorof 0.84 g kg-1 for monthly time scales over global oceans.The retrieval algorithm is validonly for the open sea regions. 相似文献
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Saturated and aromatic biomarker ratios continue to change systematically through the oil window and into the gas-condensate window to high vitrinite reflectances (Ro = 1.16%) in mature marine and lacustrine Mesozoic clastic samples from a South African basin. Two of the ratios reverse above Ro = 0.9%. These unusual maturation effects result from isolated periods of high rates of maturation increase. The basin cooled regionally after the break-up of Gondwana but high heating rates prevailed during the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary, as Africa moved across a hotspot, and again in the late Tertiary as a result of a possible hotspot and hydrothermal event. 相似文献
44.
岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
结合国内外众多含油气盆地中岩浆活动对油气生储盖及圈闭等条件的影响,探讨了岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系。岩浆活动伴随的高热流可以提高盆地古地温,加速烃源岩演化,亦将使与岩浆岩毗邻的烃源岩达到高成熟或过成熟;岩浆岩及其围岩蚀变带可成为良好的特殊储层;岩浆活动还可形成一些特殊类型的圈闭。另一方面,若岩浆活动时间与油气生成、运移与聚集时间不匹配,将对油气藏的形成与保存起较大的破坏作用。 相似文献
45.
联合古陆演化周期中超大型含煤及含油气盆地的形成 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
联合古陆———Pangea的拼合与裂解反映了地球系统内部的巨大变革,这一过程根本上改变了浅部圈层的构造和环境。地史上超大型含煤盆地及含油气盆地与Pangea的演化周期密切相关。在石炭纪及二叠纪拼合过程中形成了一系列超大型聚煤盆地;晚侏罗世Pangea开始裂解,出现全球性裂陷作用期,大西洋张开,许多与裂陷有关的大型叠合盆地形成。在这些盆地中已发现十余个与晚侏罗世烃源岩有关的巨型含油气系统。上述情况表明Pangea演化过程中出现了对能源资源聚集极为有利的古构造、古环境和古气候条件。 相似文献
46.
Structural features and petroleum geology of the fold-thrust belt in the southern Tarim basin, China
The west Kunlun fold-thrust belt (WKFTB) and the Altun fold-thrust belt (AFTB) are respectively located in the southern margin of the Tarim basin, NW China. The analyses of typical structures and regional dynamics of the fold-thrust belts reveal their different structural and petroleum features and mechanisms. WKFTB differs from AFTB by abundant fault-related folds and triangles zones, and was formed by northward extrusion of the west Kunlun orogen. AFTB was affected synchronously by northward extrusion of the Altun orogen and the sinistral strike-slipping of the Altun Fault, so it is characterized by the minor scale and the monotonous structural styles. The Aqike anticline and the Aqike fault, of which the strikes are orthogonal to the strike of the fold-thrust belts, are regarded as the adjustive structures between both of the fold-thrust belts. The oil-gas pools of WKFTB develop mainly in the faulted-related anticline traps, but the oil-gas pools of AFTB develop mainly in the low fault-block and anticlines traps related with the paleo-uplifts. There are different exploration countermeasures for both of the fold-thrust belts. 相似文献
47.
Stephen E Laubach Jon E Olson Julia F.W Gale 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):191-195
Fluid flow in fractured rock is an increasingly central issue in recovering water and hydrocarbon supplies and geothermal energy, in predicting flow of pollutants underground, in engineering structures, and in understanding large-scale crustal behaviour. Conventional wisdom assumes that fluids prefer to flow along fractures oriented parallel or nearly parallel to modern-day maximum horizontal compressive stress, or SHmax. The reasoning is that these fractures have the lowest normal stresses across them and therefore provide the least resistance to flow. For example, this view governs how geophysicists design and interpret seismic experiments to probe fracture fluid pathways in the deep subsurface. Contrary to these widely held views, here we use core, stress measurement, and fluid flow data to show that SHmax does not necessarily coincide with the direction of open natural fractures in the subsurface (>3 km depth). Consequently, in situ stress direction cannot be considered to predict or control the direction of maximum permeability in rock. Where effective stress is compressive and fractures are expected to be closed, chemical alteration dictates location of open conduits, either preserving or destroying fracture flow pathways no matter their orientation. 相似文献
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49.
Total electron content (TEC) and foF2 ionosonde data obtained at Tucumán (26.9°S; 65.4°W) from April 1982 to March 1983 (high solar activity period) are analyzed to show the seasonal variation of TEC, NmF2 (proportional to square of foF2) and the equivalent slab thickness EST. Bimonthly averages of the monthly median for January–February, April–May, July–August and October–November have been considered to represent summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons, respectively. The results show that the higher values of TEC and maximum electron density of F2-layer NmF2 are observed during the equinoxes (semiannual anomaly). During daytime, both in TEC and in NmF2 the seasonal or winter anomaly can be seen. At nighttime, this effect is not observed. Also, the observed NmF2 values are used to check the validity of International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) to predict the seasonal variability of this parameter. In general, it is found that averaged monthly medians (obtained with the IRI model) overestimate averaged monthly median data for some hours of the day and underestimate for the other hours. 相似文献
50.
F. S. Turalioglu H. Bayraktar 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(1):41-47
In the assessment of air quality, regional distribution and dispersion with distance are important, together with the variations of pollutants in time. On this occasion, the point cumulative semi-variogram (PCSV) method is used in order to find simply regional distribution of pollutants of Erzurum urban centre. This method is based simply on the summation of square differences in air pollutant concentrations between different sites. Monthly regional variation maps of Erzurum are constructed by finding radius of influence (for SO2, from 1000 m to 3500 m and, for TSP, 1000–2000 m) and PCSV scattering diagram data at different levels by using monthly average sulphur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particulate (TSP) matter concentrations in 2001–2002 winter season. Consequently, the air pollution distribution of Erzurum is assessed. 相似文献