湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿NNW向构造的识别及其找矿意义

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿床属岩浆期后热液型矿床,近年来由于危机矿山深部找矿项目取得重大找矿进展而引起各方关注。矿床经历了多期构造活动,包括NNE向、近NE向和NNW向,但以往一直将NNE向作为控岩控矿构造。系统的地质调查及岩体对比发现,NNE向断裂为成矿前逆冲构造,控制区内的褶皱与石英斑岩的侵入,并在成矿期继续活动。NNW向构造控制了矿区内花岗斑岩(301#、304#)的侵入以及矽卡岩及其相关的钨钼矿、铅锌矿的成矿。铅锌矿体受NNW与NNE向断裂的联合控制,常呈S型、或两组断裂交汇处的不规则脉状。矿化以NNW向花岗斑岩为中心形成分带,矽卡岩型钨钼矿化分布于花岗斑岩体边部,铅锌矿体分布于外侧。NNW向控矿构造的认识揭示出黄沙坪矿床301#花岗斑岩体及其东南部深部地区将是重要的找矿方向;同时,301#-304#岩体构成的NW构造线两侧,具有进一步寻找小型铅锌矿体的条件,这些矿体主要位于NNE与NNW向断裂的交汇部位。     

近区瞬变场的频率效应与大深度探测能力的研究

在时域中,磁源近区瞬变场的时间特性取决于场源所含低频谱的分数幂.对于磁感应强度Bz(t)∝∑iω3/2i,对于感应电势εz(t)∝∑iω5/2i.这表明,现有的瞬变电磁探测系统只适用于浅部勘查,对于大深度的勘查,需要研制超强能量且轻便化的场源(发送系统),同时完善超导磁强计(接收系统)的实用化.     

地层水条件下碳酸盐矿物热力学平衡条件及其在克拉2气田的应用

基于热力学平衡理论及库车盆地的实际,建立了该区地层水温度、压力条件下方解石溶解、白云石对方解石交代作用的热力学平衡条件,并根据地层水介质特征探讨了该区方解石溶解、白云石交代方解石的具体成岩反应状况,认为该区地层水条件下正进行着方解石溶蚀及白云石对方解石的交代作用,方解石的溶蚀是形成该区深层次生孔隙的根本因素。      

水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理-丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用

利用水压致裂地应力测试方法对实际工程区进行了地应力测量,确定了工程区隧道围岩现今的地壳应力状态,即原地应力的大小和方向.根据地应力分布特征,分析了隧道开挖过程中发生岩爆等地质灾害的可能性.地应力测量数据的分析结果可作为隧道衬砌的设计、断面的选择及轴线方位的确定的科学依据.     

Continuous GPS and broad-scale deformation across the Rhine Graben and the Alps

In order to study the ongoing tectonic deformation in the Rhine Graben area, we reconstruct the local crustal velocity and the strain rate field from GPS array solutions. Following the aim of this work, we compile the velocities of permanent GPS stations belonging to various networks (EUREF, AGNES, REGAL and RGP) in central western Europe. Moreover, the strain rate field is displayed in terms of principal axes and values, while the normal and the shear components of the strain tensor are calculated perpendicular and parallel to the strike of major faults. The results are compared with the fault plane solutions of earthquakes, which have occurred in this area. A broad-scale kinematic deformation model across the Rhine Graben is provided on the basis of tectonics and velocity results of the GPS permanent stations. The area of study is divided into four rigid blocks, between which there might be relative motions. The velocity and the strain rate fields are reconstructed along their borders, by estimating a uniform rotation for each block. The tectonic behaviour is well represented by the four-block model in the Rhine Graben area, while a more detailed model will be needed for a better reconstruction of the strain field in the Alpine region.

关键金属元素分析测试技术方法应用进展

以稀有、稀散、稀土、铂族元素为主体的战略性关键金属矿产资源,在新材料、新能源和信息技术等新兴产业中发挥着越来越关键的作用。随着我国关键矿产资源地质调查的不断深入,关键金属元素以其赋存基体复杂、不同矿物含量差异大、化学性质不稳定等特点对分析测试技术提出了新的挑战。本文根据化学组成不同,对关键金属元素主要赋存基体进行了分类,主要分为硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、钨酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物、卤化物等。对于不同的基体岩石矿物,通常采用酸溶法(硝酸-氢氟酸组合、王水)或碱熔法等传统溶样方法进行化学消解。评述了当前关键金属元素测试常用的电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线荧光光谱等仪器的特点及应用,总结了关键金属元素分析过程中出现的样品难溶解、回收率不完全、测试过程氧化物和同质异位素干扰、样品和标准基体不一致等常见问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。微区原位分析凭借其高效率、低成本、高空间分辨率的优势,以及野外现场分析凭借其简单快速、贴近野外工作的特点是关键金属元素测试技术发展的主要趋势。     

Laboratory Measurement and Correction of Thermal Properties for Application to the Rock Mass

The requirement for quantitative thermal property data in assessing the performance of an engineered repository is identified. Experimental methods for the measurement of thermal conductivity, thermal expansivity and heat capacity are outlined and typical test results are presented for two rock-types of interest in relation to the Sellafield site. The controls on the thermal properties are discussed and a series of corrections from the rock material to the rock mass properties are presented. Finally, a correction scheme that accounts for the effect of scale is followed.     

激光辐照煤岩的热效应数值模拟分析

探究激光辐照煤岩的热效应,有助于理解激光作用于煤岩的成孔机制,从而为激光应用于煤层气水平钻进提供理论支持。基于传热学理论,建立了激光辐照煤岩的数学模型,通过多物理场仿真分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics对激光破岩过程中温度场分布情况进行数值计算,探讨了激光光束辐照在煤岩表面时激光功率、光斑半径及辐照时间等因素对激光作用于岩石的热效应影响。再考虑到煤岩在极高的升温速度下将发生相变,建立了其发生气体相变的数值仿真模型,对其气化后形成的烧灼孔进行模拟仿真。仿真结果分析表明,影响钻孔深度的主要因素是激光功率和辐照时间,影响孔口直径大小的主要因素是光斑直径,激光辐照煤岩的成孔机理主要是激光高温烧蚀成孔,如果用于实际钻进过程中将大幅减少固体岩屑,有助于降低排屑工艺的难度。     

我国土壤热流场及与深层大地热流场的比较

本文提出岩石圈内的某些过程是气候变迁的重要原因之一。并依据对土壤热流、大地热流、地震和旱涝关系研究所得到的一些现象和结论,利用气象站地温资料计算了土壤热流,初步分析得到如下主要结论:(1)据线性热传导理论设计的热流的计算方法基本上可以满足多年平均土壤热流场计算精度的要求;(2)平均土壤热流场、深层大地热流场、地震带三者之间有很好的对应关系。平均土壤热流高值带一般都有大地热流高值带和地震带与之对应;(3)土壤热流距平场与汛期降水场有相似的分布形势,土壤热流距平的变化与强震也有一定的联系。     

Foliation fields and 3D cartography in geology: Principles of a method based on potential interpolation

A modeling method that takes into account known points on a geological interface and plane orientation data such as stratification or foliation planes is described and tested. The orientations data do not necessarily belong to one of the interfaces but are assumed to sample the main anisotropy of a geological formation as in current geological situations. The problem is to determine the surfaces which pass through the known points on interfaces and which are compatible with the orientation data. The method is based on the interpolation of a scalar field defined in the space the gradient in which is orthogonal to the orientations, given that some points have the same but unknown scalar value (points of the same interface), and that scalar gradient is known on the other points (foliations). The modeled interfaces are represented as isovalues of the interpolated field. Preliminary two-dimensional tests carried-out with different covariance models demonstrate the validity of the method, which is easily transposable in three dimensions.