结构面中粘土矿物及含水率变化对边坡稳定性影响的试验研究

以南京某边坡结构面中的滑带土为研究对象,定量分析不同的滑带土颗粒级配情况下,岩质边坡结构面中粘土矿物含量及含水率的变化对边坡稳定性影响机制及变化规律.随着粘土矿物的增加,安全系数值整体上呈现减小的趋势,安全系数在45％～55％之间时达到最低;随含水率的增加,安全系数值也呈下降的趋势.采用了粒子群算法对试验成果作以解析,结果显示,随着粘土矿物含量的增加,安全系数的变化为非线性,但始终表现出较好的相关性,其相关系数由小变大;安全系数值与含水率呈现出一种负相关的线性关系,且保持较高的相关性,相关系数在0.90以上,较符合一般的自然规律.     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响Ⅰ.含量的年份变化

根据1979～1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的含量大小、年份变化和季节变化。研究结果表明:在1979～1984年(缺1980年)期间,在胶州湾水体中HCH的含量逐年都在减少。在1983年,中国禁止HCH的使用,在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量全部低于一类海水的水质标准。在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量很低,几乎没有季节变化。因此,中国禁止HCH的使用对环境的改善取得显著的成效。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块目的煤层含气性分析

为计算鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块煤层气资源量、甄选有利区带及确定先导性试验井组的部署,对全区探井的煤层含气性进行综合分析。结果显示:区块内煤层气含量为5.54~19.56m3/t;兰氏体积为13.59~33.78m3/t,兰氏压力为2.06~3.72MPa,含气饱和度为41.48%~92.19%;临储压力比为19.18%~84.28%。区块整体含气性显示较好,开发较为有利,其中以包括Y3、Y6等井在内的万宝山构造带为煤层气开发的最有利区带。     

三峡库区紫色土微量元素含量的变化

以三峡库区典型坡面紫色土为例,对土壤中微量元素的含量及其在不同坡度、不同利用方式下的变化进行初步研究。结果表明,库区紫色土中Fe、Mn、Ni、Zr、Sr和Ti的含量相对较多,Mo的含量较为丰富,Zn和Pb的含量相对较低。Pb、Cu和Co的含量在一定坡度范围内随坡地坡度的增大而减少,Zr和Cr的含量则增加。紫色土中Cu、Pb、Co、Ti、Zr、Ni、Cr、Sr等微量元素的含量随坡度的变化具有一定的相关性。耕作土和非耕作土中微量元素含量差异明显,人为活动是引起库区紫色土微量元素含量变化的主要因素。     

太湖北岸太阳辐射的影响因子研究

利用2 a的太阳辐射资料,对太湖北岸城乡的太阳辐射特征进行了对比分析。发现:(1)城市太阳总辐射较郊区明显偏低,偏低幅度达到13 %以上。(2)太阳辐射量最小值一般发生在冬季,但最强太阳辐射却不一定发生在夏季。这正好与6月中下旬到7月上中旬江南梅雨相对应。(3)太阳辐射率随云量增加而降低,5成云以下太阳辐射率变化不大,天空云量达到5成以上时对太阳辐射有较强的阻挡作用。晴到少云天气,霾的严重程度对太阳辐射率影响较大,重度霾太阳辐射率不到无霾日的75 %。(4)降水对太阳辐射影响很大,但降水量级对太阳辐射的影响却很小。气温与太阳辐射的关系很小,但白天平均气温＜0 ℃和≥30 ℃时太阳辐射率却最大。太阳辐射随日照减少而降低,但在日照时数为0时仍有太阳辐射率存在。太阳辐射基本上随能见度的增加而增加。在晴朗少云的天气里,由于能见度的影响太阳辐射率最大值是最小值的1.53倍。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

贵州兴仁滥木厂汞铊矿床矿物扫描电镜研究

贵州兴仁滥木厂汞、铊矿床,矿体主要产出于上二叠龙潭组和长兴组泥岩、灰岩、泥质灰岩、硅质岩、煤岩和碳质页岩等混杂岩系。利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析等研究手段,对该矿床的物质组成、矿物成分特征及微观特征进行了探讨,为成矿元素汞、铊的赋存状态,生物成矿特征研究等提供矿物学资料。     

δ34S isotope values of dissolved sulfate (SO4 2−) as a tracer for battery acid (H2SO4) contamination in groundwater

The application of sulfur isotope (³⁴S) values of sulfate in groundwater provided the information necessary to evaluate the source, transport and fate of battery acid and associated contaminants at the Gulf Coast Recycling (GCR) facility. The chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater beneath the (GCR) property, a battery recycling facility in east Tampa, Florida, varies more than expected for an area of comparable size. Sulfate (SO₄^2–) values, for example, range from 1.2 to 11,500 mg/L and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes do not attenuate towards the weighted annual mean. Those samples that are high in sulfate generally have a low pH, which immediately indicates battery acid (H₂SO₄) contamination as a potential source for the sulfate. The low pH and high reactivity of the sulfuric acid groundwater cause the formation of hydrogeological microenvironments due to preferential dissolution of carbonate minerals, which in turn causes enhanced recharge and groundwater flow in certain areas; thus, the extreme scatter in the data set. Because of the difficult hydrogeology it is not straightforward to delineate the point-sources of contamination and up to five potential scenarios have to be evaluated: (1) seawater intrusion, (2) upwelling of high-sulfate groundwater, (3) local dissolution of gypsum, (4) an up-gradient contaminant source to the northeast of the GCR property and (5) battery acid contamination.     

硅酸盐玻璃中的Na和K含量电子探针分析条件设定探讨

含Ti硅酸盐玻璃在基础科学研究和应用技术开发上均有重要价值,亟需对其进行准确的成分分析,为进一步的科研工作提供重要的数据支撑.对玻璃进行电子探针分析时,由于样品的易损性和其中(Na和K)阳离子在电子束轰击下极易发生迁移和扩散,因此往往需要经过条件实验来确定合适的分析条件,确保样品在该条件下能够保持尽量稳定的状态,才能获...