中国干旱内陆流域水体 N、P负荷特征与动态变化——以黑河流域为例

以黑河流域中游地区为研究区域，通过11年在不同河流断面的长期监测和区域内各类水体如地下水、泉水、水库和河流的空间选点取样分析，研究了干旱内陆流域水体 N、P等植物营养元素的负荷与时空分布及动态变化特征。浅层地下水与河水中NO₃-N含量普遍较高，含量超过 1．1 m g／L，大部分平原水库水中NH₄-N含量超过 0．3 m g／L；河水与浅层地下水TP、NH₄-N与NO₃-N含量均呈现沿流域从出山口至下游的显著递增变化，同时还具有明显的随时间递增趋势，其中NH₄-N含量在河流出山口及下游断面平均年增加幅度分别为 0．11 m g／L和 0．114 m g／L；流域水体 N、P含量的季节变化明显，黑河流域春季及春夏之交的枯水期大部分河段NH₄-N、NO₃-N和TP等要素含量为全年最高并出现水质超标污染。控制干旱内陆流域水域尤其是枯水期的 N、P污染，应成为干旱内陆流域水资源保护问题中值得关注的关键内容。     

基于像素工厂的常州市高分辨率正射影像图制作

对常州市高分辨率数字正射影像制作技术进行了探讨,给出了相应的技术流程,对所获取的成果进行了质量分析,结果表明：成果精度远高于1∶2000规范要求.最后给出了该技术体系所体现的技术特点,对同样地表特点的区域进行类似项目具有参考价值.     

Coupling Interactions between Electrokinetics and Bioremediation for Pyrene Removal from Soil under Polarity Reversal Conditions

This paper investigates the hybrid technology of electrokinetics (EK) coupled with bioremediation (Bio) in the removal of pyrene (PYR) in a soil matrix. Five different treatments were conducted to investigate the coupling interactions between EK and Bio on PYR degradation. A simulated removal curve was obtained by combining the degradation curves in EK‐ and Bio‐only experiments. The results show that the simulated curve fitted well with the actual degradation curve in electro‐bioremediation (EK‐Bio) experiments for the first 30 days of the experiment, while at later stages a discrepancy was found. This discrepancy was caused by adverse effects of low soil pH (3.6) near the anode on bacteria health during EK treatments. With polarity reversal (PR) to control the soil pH, the simulated curve fitted very well (r > 0.99) with the actual degradation curve during the whole treatment period. At the end of the experiment, PYR removal amounted to 63% with EK‐Bio treatments in PR electric fields, which was 1.7 times that of Bio‐only. Moreover, the bacteria counts under electric fields were more than that without EK. The spatial distributions of PYR degradation and bacterial counts were also investigated. The results show that they were both higher nearer the electrodes under PR electric fields.     

Effects of Operational Parameters on Decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 by UV/H2O2 Process: Evaluation of Electrical Energy Consumption

In the present study, effects of operational parameters on the electrical energy consumption for photooxidative process (UV/H₂O₂) for the decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) have been investigated. In a series of experiments, 20 mg L^?1 of AR88 solution were irradiated in the presence of different concentrations of H₂O₂ (to find out optimum amount of H₂O₂) by UV light intensity of 30 W m^?2 for certain irradiation times. The decolorization of the dye followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, and hence, the figure‐of‐merit electrical energy per order (E_EO) is appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. The electrical energy consumption was determined during the variation of some parameters such as initial H₂O₂ concentration, initial dye concentration, UV light intensity, pH, and the gap size of solution. Results showed that electrical energy could be reduced by optimizing operational parameters.     

太阳总辐照度的监测与重建研究进展

太阳总辐照度(TSI)变化是影响地球气候变化的重要因素,对TSI 的监测与重建是研究太阳活动驱动全球气候变化机制的重要基础。本文回顾了地基平台和卫星平台的TSI 监测历程及其取得的主要研究成果,分析了利用宇宙成因核素和地外天体信息重建TSI 的研究进展及所存在的问题,并对该领域未来的发展方向进行展望。现有的地基平台和卫星平台TSI 监测资料表明,太阳活动周期中TSI 的变化幅度很小,不足以引起各种记录中所观测到的气候变化。但太阳物理领域迄今尚未完全解译TSI 变化的物理过程,加之TSI 监测资料所限,难以判定其过去或未来的变幅,需整合现有3 种主要的数据合成方法,并继续坚持TSI 长期监测。此外,还需利用宇宙成因核素、地外天体信息反演等新方法重建过去太阳活动所造成的TSI 变化,以获得长周期TSI变化序列。     

酸性电解水的减菌化参数对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉生化特性的影响

以肌动球蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase酶活性、总巯基活性(T-SH)和活性巯基(A-SH)含量为考察指标,研究了用不同pH的酸性电解水、以不同的时间对凡纳滨对虾进行减菌化处理后,对虾肌肉的生理特性及肌肉品质的变化。结果表明:电解水的酸性越强、处理时间越长,对虾的肌动球蛋白、T-SH和A-SH的含量越低,Ca2+-ATPase的酶活越小。当对虾在pH分别为2.62、3.18、4.06的酸性电解水中处理60min后,肌动球蛋白含量分别损失了98.7%、90.0%、73.7%,Ca2+-ATPase的失活率分别为93.4%、87.8%、84.3%,T-SH含量分别减少了57.8%、42.3%、40.3%,A-SH含量分别减少了77.8%、65.9%、30.7%。说明酸性电解水的减菌化条件对虾肉的生化指标影响显著。     

闪电放电过程的近红外光谱及温度沿放电通道的演化特征

利用无狭缝红外光谱仪, 获得山东地区闪电放电过程760~970 nm范围的近红外光谱.光谱特征分析得出: 近红外光谱主要是峰值电流之后、放电后期的辐射, 谱线主要是中性原子的贡献.首次讨论了放电后期的通道温度和光谱总强度沿放电通道的演化特征.结果表明, 通道温度较回击电流上升至峰值阶段降低, 约为16000 K; 不同闪电的光谱结构、通道温度差异不大, 反映了放电等离子体复合阶段的特性; 地闪通道的温度和光谱总强度沿放电通道略呈单调变化趋势, 接地点附近最大; 云闪通道的温度和光谱总强度沿放电通道非单调变化, 在通道的拐弯、分叉以及结点附近发生突变.