Characterisation of dispersed organic matter from lower Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks by organic petrography, X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses

Dispersed organic matter (DOM) concentrates of C-rich rocks from areas with different metamorphic characteristics were studied by organic petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis. The concentrates contain several types of DOM with different morphologies, reflectance, X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman characteristics.Four different morphological types were identified in the two studied areas. The different types have different distributions and their reflectance is quite variable in the four types, with a dominance of the highest reflectance values in the DOM from the area with the highest metamorphic grade.XRD analyses of samples from the areas reveal the presence of fine graphite together with non-graphitised carbons.The Raman spectral profiles show the usual bands G (1582 cm⁻¹) and D1 (1350 cm⁻¹), on the first-order Raman spectrum, and S1 (2700 cm⁻¹) on the second-order spectrum. Additional weaker bands, D2 (1620 cm⁻¹), and more rarely D3 (1500 cm⁻¹) and S2 (2900 cm⁻¹), are present. These are characteristic for disordered carbons in the different types of DOM and in both studied areas. However, the Raman parameters (D1/G intensity area ratio and the frequency and width of G band) indicate variable degrees of organisation in all DOM types.The existence of different types of DOM with different degrees of ordering in the same lithologies and metamorphic grade seems to be related to different organic precursors, as they are graphitised to different extents under the same metamorphic conditions. However, in the same lithologies and metamorphic grade, the existence of various stages of graphitisation within the same type of DOM can only be explained though the interaction of DOM with the metamorphic fluids present in the rocks. The ordering graphitisation process may be due to the existence of metamorphic fluid circulation events with a variety of compositions.     

Analysis of the distribution coefficients and mobility characteristics of phenols in different soil types

Adsorption studies were carried out on soil samples of high organic and low organic content to analyze the distribution coefficient and mobility of phenols. The results show that the amount of phenols adsorbed by the soil varies linearly with the fraction of organic carbon. Soils that are highly organic compared to those with low organic matter content retain the phenols to a greater extent. Adsorption studies on the different soil types indicated that the extent of adsorption of phenols by different kinds of soils is important, as a smaller amount of adsorption by the soil increases the risk of contamination of the groundwater supply.     

有机配合物前驱体法合成纳米氧化镁研究及此法的应用前景

综述了利用我国盐湖镁资源,以乙酰丙酮及其衍生物、有机胺和醋酸根为配位剂,采用有机配合物为前驱体合成纳米氧化镁的方法,前驱体形成的机理以及特点和优势。通过介绍此合成法在合成纳米金属粉体、其它金属氧化物粉体、无机盐粉体、氧化物薄膜或复合氧化物薄膜以及特殊结构化合物等方面广泛应用的实例,并预测了该法在合成其它高值化镁产品中的应用前景。     

全站仪垂直角一测回标准偏差检定方法的研究

摘要通过对全站仪测角部分编码技术分析,按照检定规程中关于测角部分中对于一测回垂直角标准偏差检定,得出在计算一测回竖直角标准偏差上进行改动即可检定方法。     

A computer modelling study of the interaction of organic adsorbates with fluorapatite surfaces

Computer modelling techniques were employed to investigate the adsorption of a selection of organic surfactant molecules to a range of fluorapatite surfaces, and new interatomic potential models for the apatite/adsorbate interactions are presented. The adsorbates coordinate mainly to the surfaces through interaction between their oxygen (or nitrogen) atoms to surface calcium ions, followed by hydrogen-bonded interactions to surface oxygen ions and, to a much lesser extent, surface fluorides. Bridging between two surface calcium ions is the preferred mode of adsorption, when the geometry of the adsorbates allows it, and multiple interactions between surfaces and adsorbate molecules lead to the largest adsorption energies. All adsorbates containing carbonyl and hydroxy groups interact strongly with the surfaces, releasing energies between approximately 100 and 215 kJ mol⁻¹, but methylamine containing only the –NH₂ functional group adsorbs to the surfaces to a much lesser extent (25–95 kJ mol⁻¹). Both hydroxy methanamide and hydroxy ethanal prefer to adsorb to some surfaces in an eclipsed conformation, which is a requisite for these functional groups. Sorption of the organic material by replacement of pre-adsorbed water at different surface features is calculated to be mainly exothermic for methanoic acid, hydroxy methanamide and hydroxy ethanal molecules, whereas methyl amine would not replace pre-adsorbed water at the fluorapatite surfaces. The efficacy of the surfactant molecules is calculated to be hydroxy aldehydes > alkyl hydroxamates > carboxylic acids ≫ alkyl amines. The results from this study suggest that computer simulations may provide a route to the identification or even design of particular organic surfactants for use in mineral separation by flotation.     

Speciation and role of iron in cloud droplets at the puy de Dôme station

Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the atmosphere and can play a significant role in cloudwater chemistry where its reactivity is closely related to the partitioning between Fe(II) and Fe(III). The objective of this work is to determine the total iron content and the iron speciation in a free tropospheric site, and to understand which factors influence these parameters. We collected 147 samples of cloudwater during 34 cloud events over a period of four years at the puy de Dôme summit. Besides iron we measured other chemical compounds, solar radiation, physico-chemical and meteorological parameters potentially connected with iron reactivity. The total iron concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 9.1 μM with the major frequency occurring at low levels. The pH and presence of organic complexants seem to be the most significant factors connected with total dissolved iron; while the iron oxidation state seems to be an independent factor. Light intensity, presence of complexants or oxidants (H₂O₂) do not influence the Fe(II)/Fe(Total) ratio, that was quite constant at about 0.75. This could be due to the potential redox that forces the Fe(II)-Fe(III) couple to the reduced form or, more probably to the complexation by Natural Organic Matter, that can stabilize iron in its reduced form and prevent further oxidation. Our field measurements did not show the diurnal cycle observed in surface water and predicted by models of atmospheric chemistry. This result prompts a more careful review of the role of iron and, by analogy, all the transition metals in atmospheric liquid phase, often over-estimated in the literature.     

断层面上迹线产状及总断距确定

除了深、大断裂等复杂断层以外，研究一般断层都需利用岩层、岩脉等各自的迹线。迹线的产状实质上是空间二斜面相交线的产状，属于立体几何学等数学范畴。地质上早就用赤平投影等方法估测。本文中数学计算方法是对前人方法的补充，精度可高达分、秒。介绍的产状网虽属估测，但制作简便。求解断层两盘相对运动力和总断距等的方法，美国有毕令斯的画法几何，前苏联有莫尔恰诺夫和瓦依涅尔曼的图解分析法。本文的迹线计算法避免了繁杂的作图过程，而所得结果和美、苏方法相同。 文章还对断层擦痕、牵引褶皱及断层旁侧派生的节理能否指示相对运动，提出新见。     

基于全站仪及GIS软件的别墅区面积量算方法

本文针对别墅区面积量算复杂性,高精度等特点,以ＳＯＫＫＩＡ公司的全站仪ＰＯＷＥＲＳＥＴ系列ＳＥＴ２０００为例介绍了全站仪野外数据采集,编码方法及其内部数据库格式,以ＧＩＳ软件ＧｅｏＳｔａｒ为例介绍了其外部接口数据库格式,在ＧｅｏＳｔａｒ环境中图形编辑及面域拓扑关系自动生成,设计并编制了ＳＥＴ２０００与ＧｅｏＳｔａｒ数据接口程序,最大程度地实现了别墅区面积量算的自动化,通过一个实例说明该方法的有效性     

新疆14C年代测定及数据集（I＊）

主要介绍新疆维吾尔自治区地震局放射性同位素碳测年实验室的１４Ｃ测年原理,样品的前处理、样品的化学制备,低水平放射性测量方法及测定年代。首次公布一批１４Ｃ年代测定数据。     

辽河外围陆家堡坳陷生油岩有机质丰度及类型研究

辽河外围盆地大多属晚中生代早期发育的裂谷断陷型盆地。总体上,这些盆地的形成与演化受以裂陷作用为主导的构造运动所控制,主要经历了裂谷发育和坳陷发育两个阶段的沉积作用,后者仅局限于开鲁盆地。