Synthesis of Palaeozoic deformational events and terrane accretion in the Canadian Appalachians

Plate tectonic theory predicts that most deformation is associated with subduction and terrane accretion, with some deformation associated with transform/transcurrent movements. Deformation associated with subduction varies between two end members: (1) where the tectonic regime is dominated by subduction of oceanic lithosphere containing small terranes, a narrow surface zone of accretionary deformation along the subduction zone starts diachronously on the subducting plate at the trench as material is transferred from the subducting plate to the over-riding plate; and (2) where continent-continent collision is occurring, a wide surface zone of accretionary deformation starts synchronously or with limited diachronism. Palaeozoic deformational events in the Canadian Appalachians correspond to narrow diachronous events in the Ordovician and Silurian, whereas Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian deformational events are widespread and broadly synchronous. Along the western side of the Canadian Appalachians, the Taconian deformational event starts diachronously throughout the Ordovician and corresponds to the north-north-west accretion of the Notre Dame, Ascot-Weedon, St Victor and various ophiolitic massifs (volcanic arc and peri-arc terranes) over cratonic North America. Within the eastern half of the Central Mobile Belt, the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Penobscotian deformational event corresponds to the ?south-easterly accretion of the Exploits subzone (various volcanic are and peri-arc terranes) over the Gander Zone (?continental rise). In the centre of the orogen, the Late Ordovician-Silurian Beothukan deformational event corresponds to the south-easterly accretion of the Notre Dame over the Exploits-Gander subzones. Along the south-eastern side of the Central Mobile Belt, the Silurian Ganderian deformational event corresponds to the north-north-east, sinistral transcurrent accretion of the Avalon Composite Terrane (microcontinent) over the Gander-Exploits zones. Along the south-eastern half of the orogen, the Late Silurian-Middle Devonian Acadian deformation event corresponds to the westerly accretion of the Meguma terrane (intradeep or continental rise) over the Avalon Composite Terrane. Affecting the entire orogen, the Late Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian, Acadian-Alleghanian deformational events correspond to the east-west convergence between Laurentia and Gondwana (continent-continent collision).     

苏北-胶南地体构造初探——江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面研究报道之二

胶南群中发育大量的超基性岩、榴辉岩和强烈变形的糜棱岩,它们在空间上呈带状分布。超基性岩-榴辉岩带和糜棱岩带多赋存于胶南群洙边组之中,具有明显的层控特点。因此,它们可能是同一套变形地层单位被褶皱的产物,并且可能代表了一条形成于中深地壳、现已褶皱并出露地表的大型滑脱带。 海州群变质较浅,发育许多中高压矿物,并有蓝片岩产出。因此,它可能是一条高压变质带     

Delineation of a large ultramafic massif embedded within a major SW Pacific suture using gravity methods

Gravity studies have delineated the largest ultramafic massif in New Zealand, embedded within a buried major SW Pacific crustal suture zone. This suture records terrane collision onto the Gondwana margin during the Mesozoic and separates a forearc terrane from an outboard accretionary prism terrane. It can be traced throughout the length of New Zealand as the Junction Magnetic Anomaly and contains the Permian Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt, which in the South Island of New Zealand is characterized by a string of isolated ultramafic massifs in a sheared matrix of serpentinite and sediment. Our analysis reveals a steep gravity gradient at the suture boundary which is attributed to a newly recognised density contrast (0.1 Mg m^− 3) between terranes of the forearc and the accretionary prism. The massif itself is marked by the occurrence of a strong, elongate residual gravity anomaly (+ 120 g.u.) extending 50 km along the suture and coincident with the Junction Magnetic Anomaly. It is modelled, at its southern end, as a dense, 15 km wide source body, extending to at least 6 km in depth. In conjunction with detailed aeromagnetic data, this modeling indicates the presence of a spindle-shaped ultramafic massif, analogous to, but larger than similar bodies found within the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt elsewhere. This fabric of sheared serpentinites enclosing ultramafic massifs therefore extends at least the length of New Zealand and probably beyond. In part it may result from accretion of asperities in the subducting plate, but it is also due to disruption of larger ultramafic bodies during subsequent strike-slip motion, which caused the remarkable linearity of the Dun Mountain Belt. Given the common occurrence of the plate tectonic processes involved, it is likely that such structures can be found in other regions around the world using similar geophysical potential field methods.     

Late Cretaceous arc magma differentiation in southern Tibet: Evidence from zircon U-Pb chronology,mineralogy and geochemistrySCIEI北大核心CSCD

造山带岩浆作用记录了从大洋俯冲消减到陆陆碰撞的一系列地质过程,同时也蕴含了关于大陆地壳生成、生长的重要信息,其中,与俯冲相关的弧岩浆作用被认为是大陆地壳生长的主要机制。本文通过对西藏南部拉萨地体曲水县至贡嘎县一带出露的黑云母二长花岗岩、镁铁质微粒包体以及石英闪长岩开展同位素年代学、矿物学和岩石地球化学研究,探讨了该岩石组合的成因和弧岩浆的分异演化过程。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,这些岩石的形成时代为91~88Ma。其中,黑云母二长花岗岩属中钾钙碱性偏铝质岩石系列(A/CNK=0.77~0.99),具高SiO 2(68.90%~69.18%)和Al_(2)O_(3)(15.21%~15.48%),低MgO(1.15%~1.16%)和Mg#值(~44),高Sr/Y比值(60~82),其地球化学特征与埃达克质岩石相似;镁铁质微粒包体的SiO 2含量为54.75%~54.96%,具有较高MgO含量(3.92%~5.40%)和Mg#值(52~61),并具弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.79~0.82)。石英闪长岩为中钾钙碱性偏铝质岩石(A/CNK=0.84~0.88),其SiO 2含量为58.55%~63.32%,具有较高的Mg#值(44~48)和弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.68~0.81)。另外,所有黑云母二长花岗岩、镁铁质微粒包体以及石英闪长岩样品的Sr-Nd同位素和锆石εHf(t)值相近((87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.703594~0.703939,εNd(t)=+4.6~+4.8,εHf(t)=+10.9~+15.6)。矿物成分分析表明,黑云母二长花岗岩和镁铁质微粒包体中发育环带的斜长石An值由中心向边部逐渐下降,未发育反环带结构;石英闪长岩中的辉石为单斜辉石,所分析角闪石均为钙质角闪石,黑云母为镁质黑云母。综合上述特征,本文认为黑云母二长花岗岩、镁铁质微粒包体以及同生石英闪长岩分别代表了源自亏损地幔的母岩浆通过分离结晶作用所派生的不同阶段的产物:其中,石英闪长岩最先由基性岩浆发生以辉石、Ti-Fe氧化物和磷灰石为主的分离结晶作用形成,继而作为母岩浆进一步分异演化;镁铁质微粒包体是岩浆早期结晶的堆晶产物;而黑云母二长花岗岩代表了包体形成后残余熔体的组分。本文的研究表明,冈底斯岩浆岩带晚白垩世发生了富水条件下的岩浆分离结晶和堆晶作用,俯冲带弧岩浆分异对于大陆地壳的形成和演化发挥着重要的作用。     

华北克拉通东南缘1.90~1.80 Ga陆-陆碰撞作用:来自胶北地体花岗-绿岩带的证据

胶北地体位于华北克拉通东南缘,其太古宙-古元古代的岩石组合包括斜长角闪岩、TTG片麻岩、花岗闪长岩、片岩和表壳岩等,显示出典型的花岗-绿岩带岩石系列特征,这一岩石系列对了解华北克拉通前寒武纪构造演化以及微陆块碰撞拼合过程具有重要的科学研究意义。本文通过详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示,胶北地体古元古代斜长角闪岩原岩、TTG片麻岩原岩和花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄分别为(1 881±18) Ma、(1 852±16) Ma和(1 840±9) Ma,同时记录了(2 332±32) Ma、(2 244±25) Ma、(1 935±21) Ma的继承年龄和(1 796±17) Ma的变质年龄。锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果显示ε_Hf(t)介于-4.7到3.9之间,地壳模式年龄(TDMc)介于2 784~2 289 Ma之间,表明胶北地体古元古代花岗-绿岩带岩石系列的形成在一定程度上受到了大陆地壳的混染作用。胶北地体古元古代斜长角闪岩具有低硅、高铁、轻重稀土元素分异较弱以及无明显Ce、Eu异常的特点,微量元素显示Nb、Ta负异常和Rb、Pb、K正异常的特征,与板内玄武岩的特征一致。TTG片麻岩和花岗闪长岩呈现出轻稀土元素富集型以及无明显Ce异常的特点,微量元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P的负异常和Rb、Pb、Zr、Hf的正异常等特征,与后碰撞花岗岩和板内花岗岩一致。地球化学特征表明:胶北地体古元古代花岗-绿岩带岩石系列的母岩浆是通过玄武质熔体的部分熔融作用产生的。结合前人研究,本文补充了相关岩石的年龄、同位素和地球化学证据,提出胶北地体存在1.90~1.80 Ga陆-陆碰撞作用,对理解华北克拉通古元古代陆-陆碰撞作用具有重要意义。     

Genesis and tectonic setting of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous granites in Nachatang area,Central Lhasa Terrane: Constraints from geochemistry,chronology and Hf isotopesSCIEI北大核心CSCD

西藏中拉萨地块东段大规模侏罗纪-白垩纪花岗岩类的成因类型及构造背景尚未得到有效约束,该时期岩浆作用的时空分布、岩石成因以及深部动力学机制等问题亟需新的深入研究。本文对中拉萨地块东段南缘那茶淌地区的花岗岩类进行了系统的岩相学、元素地球化学、年代学和锆石Hf同位素研究。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,那茶淌地区黑云母二长花岗岩成岩年龄为147±1.4Ma,花岗闪长岩年龄为140.6±1.3Ma,系晚侏罗世-早白垩世中酸性岩浆活动的产物。在元素地球化学组成上,黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩的主量元素组成具有富SiO₂(分别为71.02%～71.81%和65.17%～66.73%)、Al₂O₃(分别为13.45%～13.57%和14.43%～15.20%)、碱金属(Na₂O+K₂O)(分别为6.79%～7.48%和6.55%～7.37%),贫TiO₂(分别为0.15%～0.21%和0.10%～0.13%)等特征,显示I型准铝-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0...     

跃进山杂岩的地质年代学和地球化学证据及其构造演化意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

那丹哈达地体是中国境内唯一保存的古太平洋板块俯冲-增生的直接记录,包括跃进山杂岩和饶河增生杂岩。跃进山杂岩出露于那丹哈达地体的西缘,属于地体早期阶段的增生产物,对揭示古太平洋板块的俯冲-增生历史以及古亚洲洋构造域、泛大洋和古太平洋构造域之间的转换过程具有重要意义。本文通过野外地质调查明确了跃进山杂岩是一套构造混杂岩,主要由硅质岩、石英片岩、大理岩、二云母片岩、石英-云母片岩、变玄武岩、辉长岩、纯橄榄岩、异剥橄榄岩和单斜辉石岩组成。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石年代学测试结果表明变玄武岩原岩和辉长岩的形成时代分别为303±2Ma和278±2Ma,此外前人报道了跃进山杂岩中最年轻的玄武岩形成于232±5Ma,这些年代学研究成果限定了镁铁质-超镁铁质岩形成于303~232Ma。大量地球化学研究数据证实了跃进山杂岩中的玄武岩为洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。糜棱岩化绿泥石-绢云母板岩的绢云母^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar测试结果为193±1Ma,根据跃进山杂岩中最年轻的原岩时代为~220Ma,本文限定了跃进山杂岩的最终就位时代为220~193Ma。结合中国东北地区中生代增生杂岩及佳木斯地块和松辽地块东缘晚古生代至中生代的岩浆弧,本文揭示了中国东北地区古亚洲洋和泛大洋构造域向古太平洋构造域的转换发生在晚三叠世至早侏罗世。     

Paleomagnetism of late Cretaceous dykes in the Gangdese belt: New constraints on the position and structure of the southern margin of Asia prior to the India-Asia collision

This paper report paleomagnetic data from late Cretaceous diorite dykes that sub-vertically intrude granodiorites in the eastern Gangdese belt near the city of Lhasa. Our research goals are to provide further constraints on pre-collisional structure of the southern margin of Asia and the onset of the India-Asia collision. Magnetite is identified as the main magnetic carrier in our study. The magnetite shows no evidence of metamorphism or alteration as determined from optical and scanning electron microscope observations. A strong mineral orientation is revealed by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis both for the intruded dykes and the country rocks. The authors interpret this AMS fabric to have formed during intrusion rather than deformation. Fifteen of 23 sites yield acceptable site mean characteristic remanences with dual polarities. A scatter analysis of the virtual geomagnetic poles suggests that the mean result adequately averaged paleosecular variation. The paleomagnetic pole from the Gangdese dykes yields a paleolatitude of 14.3°N±5.8°N for the southern margin of Asia near Lhasa. The paleolatitude corresponds to an in-between position of the Lhasa terrane during about 130–60 Ma. Furthermore, the mean declination of the characteristic remanent magnetization reveals a significant counterclockwise rotation of 18°±9° for the sampling location since about 83 Ma. In the light of tectonic setting of the dykes, the strike of the southern margin of Asia near Lhasa is restored to trend approximately about 310°, which is compatible with the hypothesis that the southern margin of Eurasia had a quasi-linear structure prior to its collision with India.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Paleoproterozoic emplacement and Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of a layered magmatic intrusion from the Central Madurai Block,southern India: From Columbia to Gondwana

The Madurai Block in the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)of Peninsular India is one of the largest crustal blocks within the Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly.This block is composed of three sub-blocks:the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block,Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block and the dominantly Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block.The margins of these blocks are well-known for the occurrence of ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)granulite facies rocks mostly represented by Mg-Al metasediments.Here we report a dismembered layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion occurring in association with Mg-Al granulites from the classic locality of Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block.The major rock types of the layered intrusion include spinel orthopyroxenite,garnet-bearing gabbro,gabbro and gabbroic anorthosite showing rhythmic stratification and cumulate texture.The orthopyroxene-cordierite granulite from the associated Mg-Al layer is composed of spinel,cordierite and orthopyroxene.The pyroxene in both rock units is high-Al orthopyroxene formed under UHT metamorphic conditions.Conventional thermobarometry yields near-peak metamorphic conditions of 9.5–10 kbar pressure and a minimum temperature of 980℃.We computed P–T pseudosections and contoured for the compositional as well as modal isopleths of the major mineral phases,which yield temperature above 1000℃.FMAS petrogenetic grid,Al-in-orthopyroxene isopleth,conventional thermobarometry and calculated pseudosection reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature(P–T)path and near isothermal decompression.The U–Pb data on zircon grains from the layered magmatic suite indicate emplacement of the protolith at ca.2.0 Ga and the metamorphic overgrowths yield weighted ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U mean ages ca.520 Ma.Monazite from the garnet-bearing gabbro and Opx-Crd granulite yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages of ca.532 Ma and 523 Ma marking the timing of metamorphism.We correlate the layered intrusion to a Paleoproterozoic suprasubduction zone setting,defining the Ganguvarpatti area as part of a collisional suture assembling the Northern and Central Madurai Blocks.The Paleoproterozoic magmatism and late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian UHT metamorphism can be linked to the tectonics of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents.     

青藏高原拉萨地块中西部超钾质岩Ca-Mg同位素特征及其地质意义

本文通过对青藏高原拉萨地块中西部米巴勒及麦嘎地区的8个超钾质岩样品进行钙、镁同位素测定,在排除了风化作用、地壳混染、分离结晶及部分熔融等后期作用对超钾质岩钙、镁同位素组成的影响后,可能有来自俯冲新特提斯洋壳的碳酸盐沉积物交代超钾质岩的地幔源区。本文研究表明,米巴勒及麦嘎地区超钾质岩的δ~(44)Ca=0.59~0.75(平均值为0.68±0.04),明显低于上地幔(1.05±0.04)、硅酸盐地球值(0.94±0.05)及已发表的岩浆岩值(0.80±0.10),指示出超钾质岩源区含有低δ~(44)Ca组成的物质加入;Mg同位素组成δ~(26)Mg=-0.33~-0.24(平均值为-0.29±0.03),比上地幔值(-0.25±0.07)略低,但在误差范围内一致。超钾质岩的钙、镁同位素之间还存在一定的正相关性,进一步指示其源区有同时具有低钙、低镁同位素组成的物质加入。通过对拉萨地块构造演化过程的识别,笔者认为这些具有低钙、低镁同位素组成的物质极有可能是来自俯冲新特提斯洋壳的碳酸盐沉积物。