地震资料极性判别技术在储层预测中的应用

在储层地震属性预测技术研究方面,过去人们关注的焦点主要集中于地震关键面时窗选取、地震属性选择和地震属性优化及融合等方面,很少注意到地震资料极性对储层预测效果的影响。实际应用表明,地震资料的极性判断错误,可能导致储层地震属性预测失败。针对这些问题,文章在论述如何判别地震极性的基础上,利用地震属性技术对渤海海域某构造储层的横向展布进行预测,取得了较好的效果。     

Seismic geomorphological analysis of deepwater gravity-driven deposits on a slope system of the southern Colombian Caribbean margin

Gravity-driven processes are important agents for transporting sediments downslope into deep-marine environments. The Pliocene to Holocene offshore succession of the Colombian Caribbean margin and its stratigraphic distribution, have been affected by faulting and mud diapirism, and have been characterized using 3D seismic data. Nine stratigraphic intervals were characterized within the study, and are interpreted to consist of a range of seismic geomorphologies, including slumps and debrites. Nine gravity-driven deposits were defined within the study area, interpreted to have been transported to the north and northwest. Slumps display high-amplitude, high continuity, elongated, stratified, lobate and confined morphologies, while debrites have a reflection-free pattern or show discontinuous, low-amplitude and chaotic reflections. Mixed slumps-turbidites-debrites deposits are composed by a succession of laterally and vertically interfingered slumps, debrites and turbidites. These deposits are morphologically lobate and broadly scattered. In addition, erosional features such as basal small scours, megascours, linear scours and rafted blocks were used as kinematic indicators within the gravity-driven deposits. There are several candidates triggering mechanism, including over-steepening of slope (related to high sediment supply or slope tectonism). In the study area, confined slumps and debrites with a main transport direction from south to north have been observed, while transport direction of the mixed slumps-turbidites-debrites was toward northwest. Additionally, the fact that slumps and debrites are found in depocenters between periclines suggests a confined environment of deposition. Finally, mixed slumps-turbidites-debrites are unconfined without evident structural control. We suggest that local intraslope sub-basin margin become over-steepened as a result of mud diapirism in the subsurface. In this situation, the paleobathymetry was sufficient to trap the resultant gravity-driven deposits within the sub-basins, suggesting a local origin. Seismic evidence of BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector) suggests the presence of gas hydrate in the study area, and is taken as an additional potential mechanism to provide instability of slope and generate gravity-driven deposits.     

浅谈地理国情普查的技术流程

简述了地理国情普查的总体技术流程,联系生产实际,总结了在实际生产中遇到的问题以及解决的方法和技巧。     

滑雪度假区属性的结构维度及其影响研究

北京冬奥会的成功申办和举办推动了国内冰雪旅游产业和研究的快速发展。作为冰雪旅游产业核心地域载体的滑雪度假区亦日益受到关注。尤其是,滑雪度假区属性的结构维度识别及其影响评估成为冰雪旅游研究和实践的热点。本文遵循情感地理学关注人、情感与地方互动关系的研究传统,以新疆丝绸之路国际度假区和吉林长白山国际度假区为样本采集地,借由量表开发与验证流程,从度假游客感知视角识别滑雪度假区属性的结构维度,并检验它们对滑雪度假游客体验的影响。研究结论如下：(1)识别了滑雪度假区属性的结构维度（15个）,并开发、验证了滑雪度假区属性量表（59个测项）;(2)滑雪度假区的气候和自然环境、雪道、娱乐、工作人员和人文环境对度假游客体验有显著影响;(3)积极情绪、沉浸体验、难忘的旅游体验和满意度在滑雪度假区属性与游客重游意向、口碑推荐意向的关系中起中介作用。本文为与滑雪度假区属性相关的后续研究提供了可操作的理论框架和测量工具,并深化了对滑雪度假情境下人、情感与地方互动关系的理解。     

Determining crop acreage estimates for specific winter crops using shape attributes from sequential MODIS imagery

There are increasing societal and plant industry demands for more accurate, objective and near real-time crop production information to meet both economic and food security concerns. The advent of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite platform has augmented the capability of satellite-based applications to monitor large agricultural areas at acceptable pixel scale, cost and accuracy. Fitting parametric profiles to growing season vegetation index time series reduces the volume of data and provides simple quantitative parameters that relates to crop phenology (sowing date, flowering). In this study, we modelled various Gaussian profiles to time sequential MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) images over winter crops in Queensland, Australia. Three simple Gaussian models were evaluated in their effectiveness to identify and classify various winter crop types and coverage at both pixel and regional scales across Queensland's main agricultural areas. Equal to or greater than 93% classification accuracies were obtained in determining crop acreage estimates at pixel scale for each of the Gaussian modelled approaches. Significant high to moderate correlations (log-linear transformation) were also obtained for determining total winter crop (R² = 0.93) areas as well as specific crop acreage for wheat (R² = 0.86) and barley (R² = 0.83). Conversely, it was much more difficult to predict chickpea acreage (R² ≤ 0.26), mainly due to very large uncertainties in survey data. The quantitative approach utilised here further had additional benefits of characterising crop phenology in terms of length of growing season and providing regression diagnostics of how well the fitted profiles matched the EVI time series. The Gaussian curve models utilised here are novel in application and therefore will enhance the use and adoption of remote sensing technologies in targeted agricultural application. With innate simplicity and accuracies comparable to other more convoluted multi-temporal approaches it is a good candidate in determining total and specific crop acreage estimates in future national and global food security frameworks.     

Ground roll attenuation using a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform

The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequency domain cannot consider all these elements. Therefore, we have developed a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform to attenuate the ground roll in seismic records. Our approach adopts the complex coefficients of the S transform of the multi-component seismic data to estimate the local polarization attributes and utilizes the estimated attributes to construct the filter function. In this study, we select the S transform to design this polarization filter because its scalable window length can ensure the same number of cycles of a Fourier sinusoid, thereby rendering more precise estimation of local polarization attributes. The results of applying our approach in synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed polarization filter can effectively attenuate the ground roll and successfully preserve the body wave.     

基于时频电磁法的富有机质页岩层系勘探研究

我国地质条件复杂、多样,能否充分发挥出非地震勘探技术成本低、效率高的技术优势,检验电法勘探技术在页岩气勘探中的有效性,是当前在页岩气勘探起步阶段亟待解决的重要问题之一.本文介绍了在研究和总结含气页岩密度、极化率、电阻率等岩石物理特征基础上,在四川盆地南部筠连地区开展的物性调查、时频电磁法勘探试验工作.勘探研究结果表明,本地区分布的富有机质页岩层系-志留系龙马溪组(S1l)具备开展电法勘探工作的物性条件,时频电磁法具有勘探富有机质页岩层系的能力.     

An analysis of urban spatial structure using comprehensive prominence of irregular areas

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new notion on prominent areas of a city defined by two types of comprehensive prominence for identifying urban spatial structure. Not only geometric attributes and topological attributes but also thematic attributes of irregular areas (e.g. districts of a city) are used to define these indices. In the paper, first the topological prominence related to geometric attributes such as size, location, and shape of areas is constructed by spatial weight matrix. Second, for finding comprehensive prominences, the principle axis factor model is adopted, and the first factor score is defined as the comprehensive prominence 1. Then, the proportion of thematic attributes of each area occupied in across the city is used to define the comprehensive prominence 2. Finally, we use these comprehensive prominences to extract some important regions in Matsudo City of Chiba Prefecture in Japan. The areas composing those regions show a high topological prominence, have a large population, have many offices, and are located around the train station.     

论气象的经济学属性

气象具有三重经济学属性：一是生产力属性,它既是创造自然财富的自然生产力,又是创造人工财富的社会生产力。二是气象的破坏力属性,即是天气和气候的状态所致的具有经济特征的多发气象灾害。三是气象的消费属性,即人们的生产与生活中,不可须臾离却气象。认识气象的经济学属性,有利于充分利用和发挥好气象的资源价值,创造更多的社会财富;有利于降低灾害性气候的破坏影响,提高人类社会福祉。     

黔东地区铅锌矿地质特征及成矿作用分析

本文根据控矿构造格局,将黔东地区铅锌矿划为扬子准地台东缘、华南褶皱带西缘,以及扬子准地台与华南褶皱带过渡带等三个铅锌矿带,并分别对其典型矿床进行了解剖和特征描述。在此基础上,分析了铅锌矿成矿作用,将黔东地区铅锌矿分为准同生沉积型铅锌矿床和热液交代一充填型铅锌矿床两种成因类型,综述了相应的控矿条件及矿床成因。最后,进行了黔东地区铅锌矿找矿远景分析,提出了6个找矿远景区。