滇-黔-桂微细浸染型金矿床时空分布与成矿流体来源研究

滇-黔-桂微细浸染型金成矿带处于滇-黔-桂裂谷中。金矿床分布与深大断裂存在依附性。金矿带基本展布于深大断裂限定的三角区内,金矿床则分布于深大断裂旁侧或其交叉部位。由幔源岩浆岩(超基性岩及玄武岩)和幔源矿物沿深大断裂分布可推断,深大断裂延伸较深,可达上地幔,属超壳深大断裂。金矿床分布不受地层层位的限制,金矿化具有多层位成矿性。铅、硫、碳、氢、氧同位素地球化学综合对比研究表明,成矿热液中的矿质、矿化剂和水具深源与浅源的混合特征。热液成矿期矿石中石英及萤石的电子自旋共振(ESR)定年结果为68.40±32.41Ma,表明本区金矿床的成矿可能发生在燕山晚期-喜山早期。     

我国极端干旱区边缘阿羌砂尘堆积剖面的地质时代

根据对昆仑山北麓阿羌地区第四纪风成砂尘沉积物的调查、地层对比和107组古地磁标本(321块样品)的测定结果认为,阿羌地层剖面记录了Brunhes时以来我国极端干旱区最完整的风成砂尘堆积序列;剖面中间冰期形成的生草层1PE和细粒风尘堆积29FGL、31FGL、33FGL、35FGL、37FGL、39FGL、42FGL在形成的地质时代上可依次与黄土高原古土壤S_0、S_1、S_2、S_3、S_4、S_5、S_6、S_7进行对比,而与1PE和细粒风尘堆积29FGL、……、42FGL互为叠覆的冰期气候形成的风成极细砂和粗粒风尘堆积则可与黄土高原黄土L_1、……、L_8进行对比。此外,在阿羌剖面砂尘堆积底部42FGL层中发现有0.7 Ma B P前的宇宙尘埃物质,这对于该地风成砂尘下限年代的确定、研究极端干旱区气候的发展历史和晚新生代地外灾变事件的对比具有重要意义。     

地震综合前兆场建场方法初探

初步建立了一种能反映地震前兆时空演化全貌的无量纲、归一化可迭加的信息场———综合前兆场．通过对研究区（东经１１３°～１２５°,北纬３２°～４４°）前兆场时空演化过程的分析发现,地震前前兆场由正常的低值离散逐渐发展为围绕震中呈高值封闭状态,震后恢复正常．该方法的独特之处在于,避开了某些单项异常对应某具体源的分析,而是只考虑异常．根据前兆场的变化可以确定震源的大致位置     

轨道调谐建立洛川黄土地层的时间标尺

对黄土高原中部洛川厚140m黄土剖面进行了黄土层间隔5cm、古土壤层间隔3cm的采样,在室内测量了全部样品的磁化率．以磁化率变化作为东亚夏季风气候变化的替代性指标,利用轨道调谐方法建立了黄土－古土壤序列的时间标尺．结果表明,B／M界线处的年龄是772KaB．P,午城黄土与离石黄土分界线的年龄为1348KaB．P,黄土堆积底界的年龄为2471KaB．P．．通过和古地磁场倒转点绝对年龄对比以及与太阳辐射量变化时间序列进行交叉谱分析,证明了新时间标尺的可信性．     

双向定时近周日误差成分初步分析

该文介绍了利用地球同步卫星定位系统进行双向定时的基本原理,采用北京和乌鲁木齐两站的试验数据进行了计算分析,发现双向定时结果明显存在周期性变化,并且两地结果随地方时的变化趋势基本一致。谱分析表明:两站的主要周期谱基本一致,都比较明显地存在近周日和近半日变化。这种周期性变化可能主要由电离层延迟随地方时的变化引起。     

The generation and redistribution of overland flow on a massive oxic soil in a eucalypt woodland within the semi-arid tropics of North Australia

There is a dearth of knowledge on the runoff processes of eucalypt woodland communities in the semi-arid tropics of Australia. The work was undertaken on a 100 m transect of a 0·8 degree hillslope typical of the ‘smooth plainlands’ of central-north Queensland. This paper introduces a new experimental design for measuring overland flow in such areas by way of a cascade system of unbounded runoff plots which allow the inputs and outputs between troughs to be calculated. Most storms generate overland flow. Time to overland flow ranges between 1 and 18 min where rain intensities are above 10mm hr⁻¹ and when the average detention storage of 3·6 mm is exceeded. The bare soil surfaces within the scattered grass understory control the runoff generation process through the temporal variability of field saturated hydraulic conductivity. The study demonstrated that overland flow is mainly redistributed over the freely-draining oxic soil. Some areas export more overland flow than they gain from upslope (runoff), others gain more overland flow than they export (runon). Over the study period only 2 per cent of total rain is transferred out of this 100 m transect as overland flow due to the short duration of storms, the relatively high soil permeability, and the low slope angle. The remainder adds to the large soil water store or deep drainage. The variability of runoff–runon over these ‘smooth plainlands’ highlights how results from bounded plots would be misleading in such areas.     

卡尔曼滤波器在卫星遥感影像大地校正中的应用

在卫星遥感图像的预处理中,通过系统校正可以基本上消除影像内部的变形误差。然而,整幅影像的大地定位误差仍然是很大的,甚至几百米至1公里的数量级。本文介绍利用少量的地面控制点,采用递归算法而不是批处理算法,大大地提高大地定位精度。在单幅影像处理中,可以重新对卫星的轨道参数与姿态参数进行估值,从而提高影像的大地定位精度。在一条轨道上连续的多幅影像中,可以预报下一幅影像的大地位置,从而对那些不具有地面控制点的影像的大地校正中,实现外推计算。文中介绍并推导了卡尔曼滤波器方程中的转移矩阵和测量矩阵的系数,并推荐用数值回归的办法求得其数值解。文中最后介绍模拟试验及算法计算结果,并讨论其优缺点。     

Large deformation dynamic analysis of saturated porous media with applications to penetration problems

This paper outlines the development as well as implementation of a numerical procedure for coupled finite element analysis of dynamic problems in geomechanics, particularly those involving large deformations and soil-structure interaction. The procedure is based on Biot’s theory for the dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media. The nonlinear behaviour of the solid phase of the soil is represented by either the Mohr Coulomb or Modified Cam Clay material model. The interface between soil and structure is modelled by the so-called node-to-segment contact method. The contact algorithm uses a penalty approach to enforce constraints and to prevent rigid body interpenetration. Moreover, the contact algorithm utilises a smooth discretisation of the contact surfaces to decrease numerical oscillations. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme preserves the quality and topology of the finite element mesh throughout the numerical simulation. The generalised-α method is used to integrate the governing equations of motion in the time domain. Some aspects of the numerical procedure are validated by solving two benchmark problems. Subsequently, dynamic soil behaviour including the development of excess pore-water pressure due to the fast installation of a single pile and the penetration of a free falling torpedo anchor are studied. The numerical results indicate the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. Typical distributions of the predicted excess pore-water pressures generated due to the dynamic penetration of an object into a saturated soil are presented, revealing higher magnitudes of pore pressure at the face of the penetrometer and lower values along the shaft. A smooth discretisation of the contact interface between soil and structure is found to be a crucial factor to avoid severe oscillations in the predicted dynamic response of the soil.     

Five dimensional cosmological models in Lyra geometry with time dependent displacement field

In this paper exact solutions of the five-dimensional vacuum cosmological field equations based on Lyra geometry are obtained. Further it is shown that neither dust distribution nor perfect fluid distributions survive for the model. Some properties of the vacuum model are also discussed.     

Relativistic reference frames including time scales: Questions and answers

The subject of relativistic reference frames in astronomy is discussed with respect to the problems and needs of the various user groups. For didactical reasons the discussion is presented in form of a sequence of questions and answers.