基于街景图像的古镇旅游地商业同质化空间测度——以大理古城为例

古镇类旅游地的商业同质化是该类旅游目的地同质化的主要表现,这种现象在一定程度上促进了旅游地的经济发展,但也影响到了游客的旅游体验,导致了目的地商业经营的无序局面。论文以大理古城为例,通过编程获取大理古城内部的街景图像数据,并利用计算机视觉、机器学习等技术识别出街景图像中的店铺标牌文字信息。在此基础上构建指标模型,对案例地商业同质化进行测度,探讨了古镇旅游地商业同质化的空间特征及其形成机制。结论如下：(1)大理古城总体商业同质化的空间分布呈现核心—外围特征。商品经营型店铺在旅游核心区的商业同质化程度高,表现出街道分布的特点;而服务经营型店铺在旅游外围区的商业同质化程度高,表现出街区分布的特点。(2)旅游资源分布、规划调控、区位条件和资本介入是导致商业同质化的主要因素,竞争和聚集是形成商业同质化的2种主导机制。(3)利用计算机视觉与机器学习等技术提取街景图像中的店铺标牌文字信息,将同类型店铺的重复数量和集聚水平作为指标构建模型并结合GIS空间分析方法,能够实现对古镇旅游地商业同质化的空间测度。该研究的数据处理方法与模型构建方法可丰富利用街景图像进行的社会景观研究,相关结论可为古镇旅游地的管...     

Homogenization and trend analysis of 1960–2015 in situ sea surface temperature observations along the coast of China

Sea surface temperature(SST) measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of China during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this study. The homogenous surface air temperature(SAT) series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference series.Monthly mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test, called penalized maximal t test. Homogenized monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata information. Results show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation, which accounts for about 61.3% and 24.2% of the total break points,respectively. The regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19°C per decade). This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22°C per decade), while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09°C per decade for 1960–2015. This finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable, and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be underestimated. Thus a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate change. Furthermore, the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also analyzed. This work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades, with the largest warming rate occurring in winter. At last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated.     

库车坳陷克深大气田白垩系致密砂岩储层古流体地球化学特征研究

采用包裹体岩相学、均一温度、盐度、含油包裹体丰度、储层颗粒荧光定量实验分析方法,对库车坳陷克深大气田白垩系巴什基奇克组储层致密砂岩样品进行测试,剖析克深大气田深层致密砂岩储层古流体地球化学特征与油气充注。结果表明,克深大气田发育两期油气包裹体,分别为发亮蓝色荧光的轻质油包裹体与灰黑色的气态烃包裹体。克深大气田包裹体均一温度分布存在130~140 ℃与150~160 ℃两个主峰值,相应的古盐度值为16%~10%与12%~4%,表明有两期烃类流体充注,其中天然气高强度充注发生在2.5 Ma以来。含油包裹体丰度分布在2.1%~13.4%之间,QGF指数为2.2~9.6,QGF-E强度为20~38 pc,揭示克深大气田形成过程中曾经存在强度较弱的轻质油充注。     

流体包裹体技术在油气成藏期次研究中的应用——以黑帝庙地区为例

应用流体包裹体均一温度、成分测试技术,结合埋藏史和古地温史,研究松辽盆地南部黑帝庙地区青山口组油气成藏期次。研究表明,该区经历了两次大规模油气运移成藏期和一次弱成藏期:第一次油气成藏期对应的古地温为80~100℃,期内发生嫩江末期构造运动对油气成藏产生不利影响;第二次油气成藏期对应的古地温为120~140℃,由于在明水末期研究区的构造基本定型,为油气成藏提供了圈闭条件,因此这次成藏是现存油气藏的主要成藏期;弱成藏期无论规模和持续时间都较小,对应的古地温为150~170℃,推测由断裂沟通深部烃源所造成。