基于测试粒子模拟的垂直无碰撞激波对离子的加速研究

本文利用测试粒子模拟的方法研究离子在通过垂直无碰撞激波结构时的加速.我们首先探究了在理想激波条件下,离子通过激波结构后的能量增益与其初始参数(包括回旋相位角、初始位置和上游平均能量)的关系; 然后进一步探索了离子通过由自洽的一维混合模拟给出的更接近真实的激波结构时获得的加速,研究了激波内部的电场和磁场结构对离子能量增益的影响.结果显示,当离子能量较低(离子回旋半径小于激波面厚度或相当)时,激波横越电势和磁过冲对离子的能量增益起到促进作用; 而当能量较高时,激波内部结构对于离子能量增益的影响逐渐可以忽略. 此外,与激波横越电势相比,激波磁过冲的强度对离子能量增益的影响占主导,离子的能量增益随着磁过冲的增强而增强.最后,我们发现激波的磁场过冲和横越电势对于离子能量增益的影响之间的关系比较复杂,不能简单叠加,甚至有互相抵消的效应.作为示例,我们给出了一个激波法向电场的双极结构使得离子加速变弱的例证.

     

Energetic particle acceleration in a three-dimensional magnetic field reconnection model: the role of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

The role of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the cosmic ray acceleration process in a volume with a reconnecting magnetic field is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. We performed modelling of proton acceleration, with the three-dimensional analytic model of stationary reconnection of Craig et al. providing the unperturbed background conditions. Perturbations of particle trajectories resulting from a turbulent magnetic field component were simulated using small-amplitude pitch-angle momentum scattering, enabling modelling of both small- and large-amplitude turbulence in a wide wavevector range. Within the approach, no second-order Fermi acceleration process is allowed. Comparison of the acceleration process in models involving particle trajectory perturbations with the unperturbed model reveals that the turbulence can substantially increase the acceleration efficiency, enabling much higher final particle energies and flat particle spectra.     

Non-linear amplification of a magnetic field driven by cosmic ray streaming

One-, two- and three-dimensional numerical results of the non-linear interaction between cosmic rays and a magnetic field are presented. These show that cosmic ray streaming drives large-amplitude Alfvénic waves. The cosmic ray streaming energy is very efficiently transferred to the perturbed magnetic field of the Alfvén waves, and the non-linear time-scale of the growth of the waves is found to be very rapid, of the order of the gyro-period of the cosmic ray. Thus, a magnetic field of interstellar values, assumed in models of supernova remnant blast wave acceleration, would not be appropriate in the region of the shock. The increased magnetic field reduces the cosmic ray acceleration time and so increases the maximum cosmic ray energy, which may provide a simple and elegant resolution to the highest energy Galactic cosmic ray problem, where the cosmic rays themselves provide the fields necessary for their acceleration.     

山东省区域地球物理场

山东省各岩石磁性及密度参数基本可分为高、中、低 3类。山东省磁性结晶基底为泰山岩群、荆山群、胶东岩群、胶南岩群。以沂沭断裂带为界 ,山东省区域地球物理场分为鲁东区和鲁西区。鲁东区进一步划分为 3个次级区 ,即北部区、中部区和南部区。鲁西区进一步划分为 5个次级区 ,即鲁北重磁缓变区、鲁西南重高磁高区、中部弧形重磁场区、鲁西中部重低磁高区、鲁中南条带状重磁场区。各区地球物理场由于地质原因各具特点。山东省莫氏面总体呈东浅西深的缓变带 ,在该缓变带的背景上 ,呈周边地区条带状幔隆、中部幔坳的特征。山东省居里面呈近南北向带状分布 ,有德州聊城菏泽隆起带、滨州淄博滕州深坳带、蓬莱海阳千里岩响水隆起带。鲁中隆起北部碰撞带为山东省特殊的构造地带 ,其特征为侵入岩体沿该带断续出现、岩体围岩或岩体内铜及多金属矿化较为普遍、地热田沿该带时有分布、地形上为南部山区和北部平原的分界地带。胶莱盆地内 ,蓼兰—高密缺失莱阳群层位 ;中生代早期 ,盆地东北部与西南部是盆地的沉积中心 ,至晚期盆地中心北移 ,第三纪沉积中心则为平度蓼兰附近 ;盆地较深部位位于诸城凹陷、平度凹陷。胶莱盆地的次级构造单元可划分为 11个 ,七级镇构造带控制了胶莱盆地的成生和发展。山东省岩浆岩通常表     

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Dynamic response analysis of a floating mooring system

An innovative floating mooring system with two or more independent floating mooring platforms in the middle and one rigid platform on each side is proposed for improving efficiency and safety in shallow water. For this new system, most of collision energy is absorbed through the displacement of floating platforms. In order to illustrate the validity of the system, a series of model tests were conducted at a scale of 1:40. The coupled motion characteristics of the floating mooring platforms were discussed under regular and irregular waves, and the influences of wave direction and other characteristics on dynamic response of the system were analyzed. The results show that the mooring system is safest at 0° of wave incident angle, whereas the most dangerous mooring state occurs at 90° of wave incident angle. Motion responses increase with the increase of wave height, but are not linearly related to changes in wave height.     

一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1可修排队系统

研究了一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1可修排队系统,正顾客服务完会以一定的概率立即排到队尾等待下一次服务,而以一定的补概率离开系统,永不再来。服务规则是先到先服务,负顾客抵消排队系统中的中间顾客（RCM）。使用“补充变量法”和状态转移方程分析该模型,得到了这一模型的排队指标和可靠性指标,并且发现此类排队系统完全取决于队长为2的概率。     

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An estimation of internal soliton forces on a pile in the ocean

Internal soliton forces on oil-platform piles in the ocean are estimated with the Morison Formula. Different from sur- face wave forces, which change only in magnitude along a pile, internal soliton forces can be distributed over the entire pile in the water and they change not only in magnitude but also in direction with depth. Our calculations show that the maximum total force caused by a soliton with its associated current of 2.1 m s-1 is nearly equal to the maximum total force exerted by a surface wave with a wavelength of 300 m and a wave-height of 18 m. The total internal soliton force is large enough to affect the operations of marine oil platforms and other facilities. Therefore, the influence of internal solitons should not be neglected in the design of oil platforms.