正交直墙前直立圆柱的波浪绕射的解析研究

应用镜像原理,将正交直墙前单个圆柱的波浪绕射问题,转化为4个对称布置圆柱的4向入射波浪的绕射问题。然后应用速度势的特征展开方法和Graf加法定理,建立了正交直墙前垂直圆柱的波浪绕射解析解。通过数值计算研究了圆柱与正交直墙间距离大小、波浪入射角等因素与圆柱上总波浪作用力的解析关系。     

Mercury partition in the interface between a contaminated lagoon and the ocean: The role of particulate load and composition

After having estimated the patterns of flow to the ocean and found some seasonal and tidal differences, mainly with regard to the relative importance of dissolved and particulate fractions, mercury partitioning at the interface between a contaminated lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean was investigated during four tidal cycles in contrasting season and tidal regimes. Mercury was found to be located predominantely in the particulate fraction throughout the year, contributing to its retention within the system. Seasonal conditions, variations in marine and fluvial signals and processes affecting bed sediment resuspension influenced the character and concentration of suspended particulate matter in the water column. Variation in the nature, levels and partitioning of organic carbon in the particulate fraction affected levels of particulate mercury as well as mercury partitioning. These results highlight the dominant role of suspended particulate matter in the distribution of anthropogenic mercury and reinforce the importance of competitive behavior related to organic carbon in mercury scavenging.     

The effect of tidal inlets on open coast storm surge hydrographs

Bridge scour modeling requires storm surge hydrographs as open ocean boundary conditions for coastal waters surrounding tidal inlets. These open coast storm surge hydrographs are used to accurately determine both horizontal and vertical circulation patterns, and thus scour, within the inlet and bay for an extreme event. At present, very little information is available on the effect that tidal inlets have on these open coast storm surge hydrographs. Furthermore, current modeling practice enforces a single design hydrograph along the open coast boundary for bridge scour models. This study expands on these concepts and provides a more fundamental understanding on both of these modeling areas.     

近地表大气环境变化对地壳形变观测的影响研究

近地表大气环境变化主要包括近地表气象因素（大气压强、温度、降雨）变化及台风、日食活动等。利用小波分析方法对2003—2013年湖北省数字化地壳形变潮汐分钟值资料进行处理后发现,近地表大气环境因素对形变观测数据具有不同频段上的特征变化影响。大气压强和温度对形变观测的响应频段主要集中在较低频段（64—128分钟）;降雨的影响主要集中在0-全日波（0—32分钟）范围内且存在高频、非潮汐成份。而台风在较高频段上有明显响应,频段分布在1—4秒和2—4分钟之间。黄梅台应变观测对2009年日食事件在128—256分钟低频段上有响应。     

一种新型高度地形追随坐标在GRAPES区域模式中的实现:理想试验与比较研究

将一种新的高度地形追随坐标(Klemp坐标)引入了GRAPES区域模式,并与传统追随坐标(Gal-Chen坐标)和平缓地形追随坐标(SLEVE,Smooth Level Vertical coordinate)进行了比较。对不同坐标下气压梯度力的计算误差通过理想静止大气试验进行了评估,结果表明:与Gal-Chen坐标和SLEVE坐标相比,Klemp坐标有效地减小了气压梯度力的计算误差。理想重力波模拟试验表明,Klemp坐标下对重力波的模拟相比其他两种坐标也更接近于解析解。模式进一步采用了Mahrer气压梯度计算方案减少了计算误差,并提高了模式的精度和稳定性。实际个例试验与理想试验的结论相似。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴发生条件分析

利用塔中气象站1997—2002年的气象资料, 从沙尘源丰富程度、风动力条件和空气稳定度等方面分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴的成因。结果表明:在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地, 沙尘源极为丰富, 为沙尘暴发生提供了必要条件, 降水基本不能改变沙面的湿润状况, 沙尘源丰富度不是沙尘暴发生的限制因子; 风动力是沙尘暴发生的重要条件, 而月平均风速和大风日数是风动力的重要定量表征指标; 空气稳定性也是沙尘暴发生的重要条件, 温度和天气过程是其重要标志, 沙尘暴发生与温度呈正相关, 沙尘暴多发生在夏季和午后; 降水是沙漠腹地天气过程的重要指标, 月降水日数和降水总量与沙尘暴日数呈正相关; 20世纪90年代以来沙尘暴逐年减少, 这种变化趋势可能与全球气候变化有关。     

At‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations, 1: theoretical development

This paper, the first of two, hypothesizes that: (1) the temporal variation of stream power of a river channel at a given station with varying discharge is accomplished by the temporal variation in channel form (flow depth and channel width) and hydraulic variables, including energy slope, flow velocity and friction; (2) the change in stream power is distributed among the changes in flow depth, channel width, flow velocity, slope, and friction, depending on the boundary conditions that the channels has to satisfy. The second hypothesis is a result of the principle of maximum entropy and the theory of minimum energy dissipation or its simplified minimum stream power. These two hypotheses lead to families of at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations. The conditions under which these families of relations can occur in the field are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地表潮汐应变观测的响应比及特征

运用非线性系统加卸载响应比理论，研究了潮汐应变观测的响应比特征，解决了响应比理论应用中的两个基础问题：加、卸载荷的计算和潮汐前兆观测中加卸载响应比的计算模型选择潮汐应变观测中的一些潮汐和非潮汐的以及与孕震力学过程有关的信息为响应参量，在不同的加、卸载方式下对各种响应比的震兆变化及特征进行研究，研究结果表明，加卸载响应比只在非线性系统的输入与系统的失稳密切相关时，才显示出失稳的前兆特征，且主要表现为短临前兆。     

基坑支护组合钢支撑设计与施工技术

通过镇江市邮电通信指挥中心大楼深基坑工程的设计与施工,全面介绍了组合钢支撑在深基坑支护工程应用中的设计、施工方法及支撑效果.实践证明,组合钢支撑是一种施工方法简单、施工速度快、对周边环境影响小、安全可靠的支撑形式,具有较强的市场竞争能力及良好的推广应用前景.     

一次持续性强暴雨过程的平均特征

2004年9月2—6日四川盆地中东部发生了一次持续性强暴雨过程。利用时间平均合成分析方法对强暴雨维持期间 (9月3日20:00—5日08:00, 北京时) 的探测资料进行合成平均, 再对合成平均资料做诊断分析, 以揭示持续性强暴雨过程持续期的平均特征。诊断分析显示, 台风西进导致稳定的环流以及中低层大量的水汽输送为暴雨持续提供了背景条件。在时间平均流场上, 与暴雨相联系的中尺度系统十分显著, 它在对流层中低层表现为准东西向的中尺度辐合带, 在对流层高层表现为中尺度辐散带, 两者垂直耦合为深厚系统。此外, 在暴雨持续期间, 对流层低层大气运动表现出强烈的非平衡特征, 这种非平衡的动力强迫作用支撑着低层强辐合的维持。