气候变化对河西内陆干旱区出山径流的影响

根据祁连山区与河西走廊平原区有关水文气象台站的降水、气温和径流观测资料，分析了该区域近50a来气候变化的特征及其与全球气候变暖的关系。出山径流对气候变化的响应以及未来的变化趋势，结果表明，河西内陆干旱区的山区和走廊平原区近几十年来气温变化总的呈上升趋势，与全球增温存在着某种种度的一致性。但山区气温的变化幅度一般大于走廊平原区，其中祁连山中段温度升幅为最大。全球增温对河西内陆干旱区气候与出山径流的影响有着明显的地域性差异，受此影响影响，河西祁连山东部地区出山径流呈明显的下降趋势，中部地区出山径流的增加趋势不是十分明显，西部出山径流在山区降水量与气温同时上升的情况下，呈明显的上升趋势。     

东天山脆—韧性变形转换带与金矿带

东天山脆－韧性变形转换带是该地区一条重要的构造变形带，该带近EW向波状延伸，长600km，宽10－20km，分为南北两个子带。独特的构造背景，使其成为东天山金成矿带的主体部分。脆－韧性转换变形是与区域性韧性剪切带密切相关的一类构造现象，其过程是一个动力学过程，变形转换过程中的一系列动力学行为，是带内成矿流体活动的主导因素，成矿流体的活动又促进了岩石矿物变质、变形作用，因此脆－韧性变形转换带具有极其重要的成矿意义。     

Geo–tectonic Position of Tin Polymetallic Mineralization Zone in the Southern Da Hinggan Mountains Area, Inner Mongolia, China: An Introduction to This Special Issue

Abstract: As a part of the main activities of Japan‐China technical cooperation project, a test survey area, approximately 5,000 km², was established for the implement of its geological and geochemical research program. A major mineralization zone called Huanggang–Ganzhuermiao–Wulanhaote Sn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization zone is recognized in the southern Da Hinggan Mountains area. The southern half of this zone is known as the sole Sn‐mineralization zone in North China. The survey area lies in this prominent zone. As the most of the papers presented in this issue have concerns to the geology and mineralization in this survey area, this report was prepared to introduce geo‐tectonic situation of the Sn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization zone in the Inner Mongolia orogenic belt. The belt is divided into four tectonic facies (from NW to SE); I: Wuliyasitai volcano‐plutonic zone, II: Hegenshan ophiolite mélange zone, III: Sunitezuoqi volcano‐plutonic zone, IV: Wenduermiao ophiolite mélange zone. The subject Sn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization zone is situated in the southeastern part of the Sunitezuoqi magmatic zone. About this Sunitezuoqi magmatic zone, three geo‐tectonic characteristics are pointed out. In late Carboniferous to early Permian period, subduction of Hegenshan oceanic crust occurred, which accelerated volcano‐plutonic activities and brought about basic to intermediate volcanic rocks of tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline series represented by Dashizhai Group in the Sunitezuoqi magmatic zone. Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous acidic rocks representing the most culminated volcanism and plutonism in Mesozoic era in the Da Hinggan Moutains area are distributed very extensively in and around the Sn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization zone. The Proterozoic metamorphic basement rocks called Xilinhaote complex are distributed close to the mineralized area in the Sunitezuoqi magmatic zone. Although the real mineralization was known associated with Mesozoic acidic to intermediate volcano‐plutonic activities, it is thought that the lower Permian Dashizhai volcanic rocks and pre‐Cambrian basement rocks might have played certain significant role in the process respectively of extraction of elements and formation of the magma favorable for such mineralization in the Sunitezuoqi magmatic zone. It would be necessary to give further considerations to these three geological units in relation to the Sn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization.     

348-YEAR PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTION FROM TREE-RINGS FOR THE NORTH SLOPE OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS*

Correlation census shows that the correlation between the tree-ring chronologies in the Urumqi River Basin and precipitation during July in the last year to February in the concurrent year is significant,and the best single correlation coefficient is 0.74,with significance level of 0.0001.Using two residual chronologies collected from west Baiyanggou and Boerqingou,precipitation for 348 years can be reconstructed in the North Slope of middle Tianshan Mountains,its explained variance is 62%.According to much verification from independent precipitation data,historical climate records,glacier and other data.it shows that the reconstructed precipitation series of 348 years is reliable.Analysis of precipitation features indicates that there were three wet periods occurring during 1671-1692,1716-1794 and 1825-1866 and three dry periods during 1693-1715,1795-1824 and 1867-1969.Two wet periods,during 1716-1794 and 1825-1866,correspond to the times of the second and the third glacial terminal moraine formation,which is infront of No.1 glacier in Urumqi River source.According to computation,corresponding annual precipitation amounts are 59mm and 30mm more than now.The reconstructed precipitation series has a significant drying trend from 1716 to 1969.and has better representativeness to the precipitation of Urumqi and Changji Prefecture on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains.     

Tectonic controls on a large landslide complex: Williams Fork Mountains near Dillon, Colorado

An extensive ( 25 km²) landslide complex covers a large area on the west side of the Williams Fork Mountains in central Colorado. The complex is deeply weathered and incised, and in most places geomorphic evidence of sliding (breakaways, hummocky topography, transverse ridges, and lobate distal zones) are no longer visible, indicating that the main mass of the slide has long been inactive. However, localized Holocene reactivation of the landslide deposits is common above the timberline (at about 3300 m) and locally at lower elevations. Clasts within the complex, as long as several tens of meters, are entirely of crystalline basement (Proterozoic gneiss and granitic rocks) from the hanging wall of the Laramide (Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary), west-directed Williams Range thrust, which forms the western structural boundary of the Colorado Front Range. Late Cretaceous shale and sandstone compose most footwall rocks. The crystalline hanging-wall rocks are pervasively fractured or shattered, and alteration to clay minerals is locally well developed. Sackung structures (trenches or small-scale grabens and upslope-facing scarps) are common near the rounded crest of the range, suggesting gravitational spreading of the fractured rocks and oversteepening of the mountain flanks. Late Tertiary and Quaternary incision of the Blue River Valley, just west of the Williams Fork Mountains, contributed to the oversteepening. Major landslide movement is suspected during periods of deglaciation when abundant meltwater increased pore-water pressure in bedrock fractures.A fault-flexure model for the development of the widespread fracturing and weakening of the Proterozoic basement proposes that the surface of the Williams Range thrust contains a concave-downward flexure, the axis of which coincides approximately with the contact in the footwall between Proterozoic basement and mostly Cretaceous rocks. Movement of brittle, hanging-wall rocks through the flexure during Laramide deformation pervasively fractured the hanging-wall rocks.     

Mesozoic fill-sequences in Hefei Basin: Implication for Dabie Orogenesis, central China

A research on the Mesozoic fill-sequences of Hefei basin, located at the north foot of Dabie Mountains, shows two-phase evolution. The first phase, early- to mid-/late-Jurassic, is characterized by terrestrial clastic deposits, with four times of reverse-grading units at least, and forms greatly thick molass reconstruction in the mid-/late-phase, which reflects gradually strong thrusting-orogenesis in the north Dabie and flexural depression in the north foreland of Dabie Mountains. The second phase, late-Jurassic to Cretaceous, includes two-episode rifting processes. The first episode (J₃) shows calc-alkalic and alkali volcanic rocks interstratified pyroclastic rocks, which may reflect upwelling igneous magma from mantle-source due to the Yangtze continent slab breakoff induced by deep subduction process. A suite of lacustrine, fluvial and piemount facies, about 3000 –3500 m in thickness, develops in the second episode (J₃-K₁), which reflects regional extensional setting and intense elevator diversity of mountain-basin in the study area. This research renews and deepens cognition for the Mesozoic Dabie orogenesis     

Two episodes of subduction and collision events at the northern foot of Dabie Mountains: Evidence from petrology and structural geology of granitoid rocks

The intrusive bodies studied include Mafan diorites ((462.7±1.5) Ma,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole plateau age), Duhudian granites ((293±12) Ma, U-Ph zircon age) and Suxianshi granites ((146.2±0.9) Ma) in Beihuaiyang area at the northern foot of Dabie Mountains, central China. Petrological studies indicate that all of them belong to I-type granitoid rocks. Among them, the Mafan and Duhudian stocks were formed by arc magmatism, while the Suxianshi pluton is a post-collisional granitic body. Three intrusive bodies have distinctive characteristics of structural deformation. The Mafan stock has a rather complicated structure pattern resulting from polyphase deformation during the Caledonian and Mesozoic, the Duhudian stock has been pronouncedly deformed during the Hercynian-Yanshanian events, while regional foliation is not pronounced within the Yanshanian Suxianshi stock. Combination of regional stratigraphic, regional structural and geochronological data shows that the Yangtze plate has experienced two episodes of subduction northward beneath the North China plate during the Paleozoic and following collisional events. The first phase of collision at about 400 Ma resulted in the formation of the Beihuaiyang crystalline basement and the Caledonian high-pressure metamorphism in Dabie orogenic zone, and a late phase of continent-continent collision (~230 Ma) is responsible for the Triassic ultrahigh- and high-pressure metamorphism in Dabie Mountains and for orogenic uplift of the Dabie Mountains. It is suggested that the Beihuaiyang tectonic belt at the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains is a multicyclic suture.     

Spatial Ecology of Pre –Euro‐American Fires in a Southern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Forest Landscape

Natural disturbances such as fires have been widely studied, but less is known about their spatial ecology than about other aspects of them. We reconstructed and mapped pre–Euro‐American fire history in a subalpine forest landscape in southeastern Wyoming, and analyzed the fires using GIS. Mean fire interval varies little with topography (elevation, aspect, slope) and is spatially autocorrelated at distances of at least 2 km. Fires often spread downslope, and spread more than expected from the north and south and less than expected from the west, under the influence of particular synoptic climatic conditions. The landscape of 1868 a.d., at the time of Euro‐American settlement, was strongly influenced by fires. However, it contained large patches of connected forest and few high‐contrast edges, unlike the modern landscape, which is fragmented by industrial forestry and roads. The spatial ecology of the natural fire regime may be a useful guide for management.     

天山活断层分段在中期地震危险区预测中的应用

为研究今后１￣３年强震危险区，从天山活断层中挑选了５条活动性较强的断裂（带），用地震破裂和地震学标志将断裂分段，在分段基础上研究各段地震迁移、地震时空特征、中强地震动态、危险性概率预测。结合新疆境内６级以上强震震例研究，提出近期危险性判据指标，从中筛选出中期危险地段。     

Neoproterozoic and Cambrian successions deposited on the East European platform and Cadomian basement area in Poland

Summary A short review of the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian sedimentary and volcanogenic successions in Poland is concerned with depositional and tectonic developments. The successions accumulated in shallow shelf and deeper slope environments. They overlie Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement of the Baltic Craton and Gondwana-derived Neoproterozoic Cadomian basement. This discrepancy in the nature of the basement is viewed as indicating distinct terranes. During the course of Palaeozoic time, the discrete terranes were assembled along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Lineament and the Trans-European Suture Zone adjacent to the Baltica palaeocontinent.