新疆香山铜镍硫化物矿床Re-Os同位素测定

通过对香山铜镍硫化物矿石中的镍黄铁矿进行Re-Os同位素测年,获得等时线年龄数据为(298±7．1)Ma。该数据表明产于东天山黄山—镜儿泉一带的这些铜镍硫化物矿床形成于晚石炭世—早二叠世,与该区广泛发育的造山型金矿、矽卡岩型银铜矿床和火山岩型铁铜矿床为同一时期的产物。其等时线~187Os/~188Os初始比值为0．682±0．32,γ_OS平均为444,表明在成矿过程及岩浆侵位期间有地壳物质加入成矿系统中。     

新疆东天山剪切带型金矿床时代研究

东天山造山带中部的秋格明塔什-黄山巨型韧性剪切带内三个典型的剪切带型金矿床——康古尔金矿床、红石金矿床和红山金矿床的同位素年代学研究表明,金矿床成矿作用和剪切带后期的走滑剪切变形作用在时间上具有强烈的耦合关系。秋格明塔什．黄山韧性剪切带剪切变形作用主活动期的时代为262.9～242.8Ma,而剪切带型金矿床金成矿作用发生在261.0～246.5Ma之间,恰好落在剪切变形作用主活动期的时代范围之内。这种强烈的耦合关系证明了秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带晚期的右行走滑剪切变形作用才是剪切带内一系列金矿床成矿作用的主因。金成矿和右行走滑剪切变形之间的时间耦合关系在不同部位还有不同的表现。在剪切带中-西段的康古尔地区,快速抬升发生在261.5～262.9Ma,而康古尔金矿床主成矿期时代范围是261.0～252.5Ma,可以看出,康古尔金矿床成矿作用刚好发生于剪切带中-西段快速抬升之后。在剪切带东段,快速抬升发生在247.1～246.9Ma期间,位于该剪切带东段北外带的红山金矿床主成矿期的年龄范围是246.9～246.5Ma,表明该金矿也是在剪切带东段快速抬升冷却之后形成的。金矿石Ar-Ar同位素年代学研究未能得到可靠的和早期韧性推覆剪切变形事件相对应的年龄,推测在晚石炭世一早二叠世发生的韧性推覆剪切变形事件可能仅导致了包括金在内的金属元素的初步富集,但由于高温不利于金属元素沉淀和挤压环境不易存在容矿空间等不利因素的影响,导致此阶段并没有形成有工业开采价值的金矿床。只是到了华力西晚期—印支早期,在原韧性推覆剪切带内发生了走滑剪切变形活动,并产生了快速抬升冷却降温到350℃后,在地体缓慢冷却阶段,在脆-韧性剪切带内才有足够的空间和时间形成金矿床。     

西昆仑山前冲断带晚新生代构造地貌特征

在卫片解译、DEM数据处理、地形图分析与剖面制作的基础上,结合野外构造地貌考察与观测,对西昆仑山前冲断带的构造地貌特征进行了定量、半定量的研究。沿山前发育系统的水系变化、冲积扇变化、不对称背斜、大规模正断裂、不对称河流阶地等典型的构造地貌,表明这条由南向北逆冲的冲断带在扩展过程中存在着由西向东迁移的特征。冲断带的东西分段以桑株河为界,以西发育固满背斜,其构造样式为向北的逆冲伴随向南的反冲;以东发育一系列不对称的背斜,表现出明显的由南向北逆冲的特征,地表无明显的反冲构造出现。利用生长地层和河流阶地估算了西昆仑山的隆升速率:晚上新世—早更新世以来的最低隆升速率为0.21～0.25mm/a,100ka以来的隆升速率为1.5mm/a。     

东天山主要铜镍矿床中磁黄铁矿的矿物标型特征及其成矿意义

东天山是中国最重要的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿带之一,产有黄山东、黄山、香山、葫芦等大中型铜镍矿床。图拉尔根、白石泉两处镍铜矿床为近年来在新疆地区铜镍找矿中的重大发现,两者均属于与镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩有关的岩浆熔离-贯入型矿床。矿物共生组合以磁黄铁矿 镍黄铁矿 黄铜矿为特征,磁黄铁矿系矿石中最主要组成部分。文章以X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析并辅以常规显微镜,查明这些矿床中磁黄铁矿均系Co、Ni的最主要载体矿物,Co、Ni元素主要以游离状态的硫化物(或硫砷化物)形式存在,如镍辉砷钴矿、钴辉砷镍矿、镍黄铁矿及紫硫镍矿等矿物。它们多以微细包裹体或出溶体形式随机地分布于磁黄铁矿内部,而少量的Co、Ni元素则以类质同像方式存在于磁黄铁矿晶格之中。图拉尔根、白石泉、葫芦三矿床中磁黄铁矿在多型结构以及微量元素地球化学方面均表现出一定的差异,系由两矿床容矿岩石基性程度及成矿温度之差异引起。     

巴颜喀拉山西段二叠纪古海山的发现及意义

在巴颜喀拉盆地西段黄羊岭组中发现了一个长约3km、厚约1295m的玄武岩 碳酸盐岩的隆起建造,具有3个由玄武岩基底加碳酸盐岩盖层组成的双层剖面结构。隆起建造中海相沉积物由下至上从深海相渐变为浅海相,生物化石由浮游生物组合演变为浅海造礁生物组合。通过与现代海山的对比,证实巴颜喀拉西段发现的隆起建造属古海山堆积,根据化石的时代确定其为中二叠世的古海山,暗示巴颜喀拉盆地在中二叠世以前存在一个古大洋,其后古大洋逐渐俯冲消减,演化为残留洋盆地,这对巴颜喀拉盆地地质构造演化的研究和构造属性的厘定具有重要意义。     

Chromium in minerals as tracer of the polycyclic evolution of eclogite and related metabasite from the Pohorje Mountains,Slovenian Eastern Alps

Significantly different peak pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions (18–26 kbar and 630–760°C versus 29–37 kbar and 750–940°C) have previously been published for eclogite and related metabasites from the south-eastern flank of the Pohorje Mountains in Slovenia. These rocks can show a bimodal distribution of chromium in the rock-forming minerals, particularly garnet, the role of which in their metamorphic evolution is unclear. Therefore, we studied an eclogite and a related rock with clinopyroxene containing only 17 mol% jadeite + acmite (sample 18Ca35a). KαCr intensity maps of garnet particularly in sample 18Ca35a show a sharp irregular boundary between the core (Gt1) and the mantle (Gt2). Gt1 of millimetre-sized garnet in this rock is nearly Cr-free and unzoned, whereas Gt2 is of different composition (0.22 wt.% Cr₂O₃) and slightly zoned. Nearly Cr-free amphibole, (clino)zoisite, kyanite and staurolite inclusions are present in Gt1. The matrix consists of garnet and Cr-bearing clinopyroxene, (clino)zoisite and amphibole. Thermodynamic modelling suggests peak P–T conditions of 22.5 ± 2 kbar at 710 ± 25°C (Gt1) and 23 ± 2 kbar at 700 ± 25°C (Gt2) in both samples. We interpret these findings to suggest that olivine- and hornblende-bearing gabbros with some chromite experienced early metamorphism in the eclogite facies, when Gt1 formed. The rock was subsequently exhumed and cooled leading to significant garnet corrosion. A second stage of metamorphism, recognized by mappable Cr contents in garnet, led to the growth of Gt2 and other Cr-bearing minerals at the expense of chromite relics, which survived stage I. The peak P–T conditions of stage II are compatible with those previously derived by same authors and support the view that probably no ultrahigh-pressure eclogite exists in the Pohorje Mountains. We relate the two metamorphic events to the Cretaceous and Palaeogene high-pressure events recently reported from micaschists of the Pohorje Mountains.     

STUDY ON CORRELATIVE EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC WINDOW NETWORK IN TIANSHAN REGION

In this paper , by using the seismic data of strong earthquake (M≥7) which have occurred since 1900,correlative features of strong earthquake activity in Tianshan region which crosses China and USSR have been studied . Meanwhile , we selected 15 seismic windows (11 in China , 4 in USSR) by censusing , systematically researching and statistically examing seismic data of regional seismic network which are in Chian and USSR.The anomalous features of seismic window and seismic window network , prediction index and prediction plan have been studied . In the same time ,its prediction efficency have been evaluated . Several examples of successful earthquake prediction are given out in this paper .Finally ,the possible physical mechanism of the results are discussed.     

Streamflow elasticity,in a context of climate change,in arid Andean watersheds of north-central Chile

ABSTRACT

Based on a future temperature increase of 0.5°C and precipitation decrease of 25%, the climate elasticity of streamflow to precipitation and temperature changes in 12 Andean watersheds of the Coquimbo Region, north-central Chile, was assessed. Also, the possible relationships between this elasticity and specific physiographic characteristics of the watersheds (area, average elevation, slope distribution, terrain roughness, slope orientation, vegetation cover) were studied. Climate elasticity of streamflow ranged between 0 and 2.8. Watersheds presenting higher elevations, with a fairly well-balanced distribution of slope exposure tend to exhibit lower elasticity, which could be explained by the contribution of snowfall to the hydrological regime, more significant in those watersheds. Results should be considered when downscaling climate model projections at the basin scale in mountain settings. Finally, uncertainties in the approach, given by factors such as streamflow seasonality, data availability and representativeness and watershed characteristics, and therefore the scope of the results, are discussed.     

Differences of granitic weathering at the northern and southern feet of Dabie Mountains,Central China: Implication for tectonic and climatic environments

Previous studies of weathering generally started with geochemistry[1—8] and mineralogy[9—12], and have been focused on chemical weathering rates[1—3], removability-enrichment of elements[3—6] during chemical weathering, and the age of weathering profi…     

东南极内陆格罗夫山地区冰厚及冰下地形特征

中国第30次南极科学考察队格罗夫山分队(CHINARE30, 2013-2014年)利用雪地车载深层探冰雷达在东南极格罗夫山地区开展了测线总长度超过200 km大范围、高分辨率的冰厚及冰下地形调查, 获得了哈丁山北部和萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间详细的冰厚及冰下地形特征. 通过对雷达数据分析表明, 哈丁山北部区域平均冰厚为580 m, 最大冰厚超过1 000 m, 出现在该区域的东北方向, 而东南方向冰厚相对较小; 萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间区域的平均冰厚为610 m, 最大冰厚超过1 100 m, 该区域槽谷发育十分成熟, 槽谷形态近似呈U型. 通过对雷达剖面影像的筛选和分析, 推测在格罗夫山地区可能存在2个液态冰下湖泊.