饱和多孔介质三维时域黏弹性人工边界与动力反应分析的显式有限元法

本文基于Biot的饱和多孔介质本构方程,考察具有辐射阻尼的外行球面波,推导了饱和多孔介质三维黏弹性人工边界的法向和切向边界方程;在已有的饱和多孔介质二维显式有限元数值计算方法基础上,提出该理论的三维方法,并开发了实现该三维方法的有限元程序.算例表明饱和多孔介质三维时域黏弹性人工边界与动力反应分析的显式有限元法具有较好的精度和稳定性.     

Three-dimensional admittance analysis of lithospheric elastic thickness over the Louisville Ridge

Using bathymetry and altimetric gravity anomalies, a 1° 9 1° lithospheric effective elastic thickness(Te) model over the Louisville Ridge and its adjacent regions is calculated using the moving window admittance technique. For comparison, three bathymetry models are used: general bathymetric charts of the oceans, SIO V15.1,and BAT_VGG. The results show that BAT_VGG is more suitable for calculating T e than the other two models. T e along the Louisville Ridge was re-evaluated. The southeast of the ridge has a medium Te of 10–20 km, while Te increases dramatically seaward of the Tonga-Kermadec trench as a result of the collision of the Pacific and IndoAustralian plates.     

Riegl VZ-400三维激光扫描仪数据的建模的研究

三维激光扫描技术是近年来发展起来的一门新技术,其在众多领域中有非常广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了三维激光扫描仪目前的应用现状,以及原理和数据后处理方法。最后通过青海玉树山体建模实例叙述了Riegl VZ-400扫描仪如何获取数据、点云数据的拼接及三维模型的建立。     

后赤潮过程中现场水样的三维荧光光谱特征分析

对发生在青岛近岸水域的后赤潮过程中赤潮藻密度、藻种进行鉴别的同时,对现场水样的三维荧光光谱进行了测量,获得了一套三维特征荧光数据。分析结果表明,1）当海水中生物密度达到或接近赤潮密度时,Ex最高峰值波长位于245nm,Em最高峰值波长在445nm,激发转折波长在260nm,荧光转折波长在245nm;2）在非赤潮区,Ex...     

冲断构造带深层变形的空间分布规律——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例

传统上认为前陆冲断带内部的背斜构造具有"成排成带分段"的特征,在表观认识和宏观尺度上讲,容易理解这一特征,并且通过"成排成带分段"的解剖,直接为含油气区带评价和地震解释方案的落实提供指导作用。随着前陆冲断带深层结构的精细解剖和三维空间内构造变形的准确刻画,发现前陆冲断带深层构造变形的分布并非成排成带分段的特征,褶皱构造的发育与分布明显受前陆冲断构造位移量及各个断层位移量的大小所控制,各个断层控制的逆冲岩席在垂向上相互叠置、侧向上交叉对接、走向上错落有致, 3D立体空间内由多个次级弧形体组成鳞片状分布。本文以中国天然气勘探最为成功、勘探资料最为详实的库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例,通过地震剖面精细构造解释,揭示出构造变形的运动学特征及其构造位移量在传播过程中的分异和转换,进而控制冲断带内部构造岩席的生长发育和空间展布特征,并在3D立体空间内揭示冲断岩席受构造位移量的控制而成鳞片状分布的规律,控制这一分布规律的主控因素是冲断构造位移量与冲断岩席长度之间定量的几何关系。这一认识提升了油气藏评价和构造圈闭描述的精度。     

Influence of plasticity on the seismic soil–micropiles–structure interaction

This paper includes an analysis of the influence of soil plasticity on the seismic response of micropiles. Analysis is carried out using a global three-dimensional modeling in the time domain. The soil behavior is described using the non-associated Mohr–Coulomb criterion. Both the micropiles and the superstructure are modeled as three-dimensional beam elements. Proper boundary conditions are used to ensure waves transmission through the lateral boundaries of the soil mass. Analyses are first conducted for harmonic loadings and then for real earthquake records. They show that plasticity could have a significant influence on the seismic response of the soil–micropiles–structure systems. This influence depends on the amplitude of the seismic loading and the dominant frequencies of both the input motion and the soil–piles–structure system.     

The influence of dimensionality on simulations of mass recovery from nonuniform dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones

The influence of model dimensionality on predictions of mass recovery from dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones in nonuniform permeability fields was investigated using a modified version of the modular three-dimensional transport simulator (MT3DMS). Thirty-two initial two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tetrachloroethene–DNAPL source zone architectures, taken from a recent modeling study, were used as initial conditions for this analysis. Commonly employed source zone metrics were analyzed to determine differences between 2D and 3D predictions: (i) down-gradient flux-averaged contaminant concentration, (ii) reductions in contaminant mass flux through a down-gradient boundary, (iii) source zone ganglia-to-pool (GTP) ratio, and (iv) time required to achieve a remediation objective. 3D flux-averaged contaminant concentrations were approximately 3.5 times lower than concentrations simulated in 2D. This difference was attributed to dilution of the contaminant concentrations down gradient of the source zone. Contaminant flux reduction predictions for a given mass recovery were generally 5% higher in 3D simulations than in 2D simulations. The GTP ratio declined over time as mass was recovered in both 2D and 3D simulations. Although the source longevity (i.e., time required to achieve 99.99% mass recovery) differed between individual 2D and 3D realizations, the mean source longevity for the 2D and 3D simulation ensembles was within 2%. 2D simulations tended to over-predict the time required to achieve lower mass recovery levels (e.g. 50% mass recovery) due to a smaller contaminated area exposed to uncontaminated water. These findings suggest that ensemble averages of 2D numerical simulations of DNAPL migration, entrapment, dissolution, and mass recovery in statistically homogenous, nonuniform media may provide reasonable approximations to average behavior obtained using simulations conducted in fully three-dimensional domains.     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷芳深9井区火山岩储层裂缝预测

本文在松辽盆地北部徐家围子芳深9井区构造地质、石油地质及构造应力场分析的基础上,对早白垩世嫩江组末期、晚白垩世明水组末期和现今三个构造时期在营城组火山岩地层中的构造应力场进行了三维有限元数值模拟,进而分析了三维构造应力场在裂缝预测分析中的应用,研究结果与构造地质、石油地质分析结论相一致,对油气勘探开发具有指导意义。      

颅颌面外科与三维重建技术

目的 探讨电子束ＣＴ三维重建技术在颅颌面外科的适应症和应用价值。方法 采用美国Ｉｍａｔｒｏｎ公司的电子束ＣＴ（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ ｂｅａｍ ＣＴ,以下简称ＥＢＣＴ）Ｃ－１５０,对７６例严重颅颌面病人实行薄层ＣＴ容积扫描。将所获ＣＴ 象经数字接口传至加拿大ＩＳＧ公司生产的Ａｌｌｅｇｒｏ工作站进行三维重建。结果 ＥＢＣＴ成像技术能立体的、详尽和精确的显示机体组织三维解剖结构极其相互关系。其再现畸形或病体     

Nonlinear and 3D effects in leaky infragravity waves

In this paper, infragravity (IG) waves, forced by normally and obliquely incident wave groups, are studied using the quasi-3D (Q3D) nearshore circulation model SHORECIRC [Van Dongeren, A.R., I.A. Svendsen, 1997b. Quasi 3-D modeling of nearshore hydrodynamics. Research report CACR-97-04. Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, 243 pp.], which includes the Q3D effects. The governing equations that form the basis of the model, as well as the numerical model and the boundary conditions, are described. The model is applied to the case of leaky IG waves. It is shown that the Q3D terms have a significant effect on the cross-shore variation of the surface elevation envelope, especially around the breakpoint and in the inner surf zone. The effect of wave groupiness on the temporal and spatial variation of all Q3D terms is shown after which their contribution to the momentum equations is analyzed. This reveals that only those Q3D coefficients, which appear in combination with the largest horizontal velocity shears make a significant contribution to the momentum equations. As a result of the calculation of the Q3D coefficients, the IG wave velocity profiles can be determined. This shows that in the surf zone, the velocity profiles exhibit a large curvature and time variation in the cross-shore direction, and a small — but essential — depth variation in the longshore direction.