Landmark软件在溱潼凹陷MS地区的应用

溱潼凹陷MS地区多口钻井在阜三段油气显示活跃，但发现工业油流的仅有6口井。为进一步扩大勘探成果，利用Landmark软件包中的相干技术、属性提取、三维可视化技术，开展了构造精细解释、储层及含油气性预测，描述了该区火成岩在空间的展布特征。结合钻井反馈，提出了可供上钻的构造、火成岩复合圈闭一个，构造圈闭一个。     

压剪性构造的三维构造样式

兼受剪切与挤压作用而形成的压剪性构造,根据挤压力与剪切力的比率不同而出现各种不同的构造样式:压剪比大于1、以挤压为主兼有剪切的有山东龙泉井田的网络状构造和四川南桐的紧密狭窄的雁列式构造。安徽九龙岗的斜滑双冲构造属于又剪又压、压剪比近于1的断裂型压剪性构造。而压剪比小于1的有由深层次走滑剪切引起的四川龙王洞的正花状构造,和河北井陉的多字型构造。安徽百善的S型构造是早期的压剪作用,发展到晚期几乎全部转化为剪切扭动,压剪比逐渐地趋近于0。     

唐山7.8级地震孕育背景及长期前兆异常特征的三维数值模拟

本文对由十余条深部地震测深部面观测结果综合归纳出来的一个华北地区岩石圈上部１２层三维非均匀模型，进行了应力场计算，并根据计算结果对唐山地震孕育背景及长期前兆异常特征进行了分析讨论。     

Review of three-dimensional ecological modelling related to the North Sea shelf system: Part 1: models and their results

The state-of-the-art in modelling the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea is reviewed, providing an overview especially about three-dimensional models that describe and predict how the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea area functions and how concentrations and fluxes of biologically important elements vary in space and time, throughout the shelf and over years, in response to physical forcing. Articles with a strong concentration on modelling were selected from the available literature, and all articles around the existing “ecological modelling groups” dealing with the area of the North Sea were sorted in chronological order of their appearance in the literature. We found eleven of such groups and described their different modelling efforts. Selecting the seven three-dimensional models (NORWECOM, GHER, ECOHAM, ERSEM, ELISE, COHERENS and POL3dERSEM), we characterized the complexity of the models, by comparing the resolution in time and space, and the resolution of the trophic structure by discussing the number and kind of state variables and of the processes relating these state variables to each other.The review of biogeochemical/ecological modelling for the greater North Sea shows that important findings by model simulations have either confirmed existing knowledge derived from field work or have given new insight into the mechanisms of the functioning of the North Sea system: the temporal and spatial development and magnitude of primary production, its spreading from the coasts to the north-west over the open North Sea, its mechanisms of limitation, the functioning of the pelagic small food web and of the benthic web, the mechanisms of nutrient regeneration, the effects of riverine and atmospheric nutrient inputs causing eutrophication of coastal waters, the extent of eutrophication in the North Sea, and the budgets for nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon. The three-dimensional ecological models of the greater North Sea have provided consistent distributions and dynamics of the lower trophic levels on their regional, annual and decadal scales which cannot be derived to this degree of coverage by observations.The state-of-the-art in validation for these models is presented in part 2     

渤海三维污染物迁移轨迹的数值计算

根据一种三维潮致拉格朗日余流的弱非线性理论,考虑单一频率潮波系统,在零阶天文潮和一阶拉格朗日余流数值计算的基础上,计算了二阶拉格朗日余流,然后对8个具有代表性的标识质点运动轨迹进行了数值跟踪。对水平及垂直运动性质进行了分析,并用卫片资料对结果进行了验证。提出一些有启发性的初步结果。     

An experimental study of rip channel flow

A laboratory study of the flow over a bar with a single rip channel has been performed. First, the well-known pattern of a bar circulation cell with a strong offshore-directed current out through the rip channel and a weaker onshore-directed return flow over the bar is documented. Then measurements of the three-dimensional structure of the flow in the area where the rip channel, the bar and the trough meet and well inside the rip channel are presented. These measurements reveal that 3D effects play an important role, and that a depth-integrated viewpoint may not always be sufficient for predicting the flow in the near bed region. Particle-tracking experiments illustrate the near bed flow pattern over the entire area. These demonstrate how the overall trajectory pattern changes as a function of the distance of wave breaking from the bar crest: For some conditions, the rip current is fed from the trough and for other conditions it is fed directly from the bar. Both the 3D measurements and the trajectory tests show the existence of a weaker onshore-directed near-bed drift in the area where the rip current ceases. Finally, in a series of sensitivity tests, measurements of the rip current intensity for different wave climate and water level conditions reveal a strong correlation between the rip current intensity and the wave height (both normalized).     

Sensitivity studies with the three-dimensional multi-level model for tidal motion

A three-dimensional multi-level hydrodynamic model has recently been developed and applied to tidal motion in Singapore’s coastal waters. This paper describes a series of numerical experiments to evaluate the sensitivity of the tidal currents and elevations to model parameters. The results show that the predicted tidal elevations are insensitive to three model parameters: horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (Smagorinsky constant, c_h), bottom friction coefficient (c_b) and internal friction coefficient (c_v), whereas the effects of these parameters are quite different for tidal current velocities. The velocities are slightly reduced with an increase in c_h and c_b. The bottom friction effects on velocity profiles increase with water depth. The effect of c_v might be significant for the tidal velocities at all levels. The velocities at upper layers of the water column decrease with the increase in c_v, whereas the velocities at the bottom layer show the reverse trend. The effects of three model parameters on the magnitude and phase of the simulated currents are in the order (from strong to weak) of c_v, c_b and c_h.     

Three-dimensional Lump-Mass formulation of a catenary riser with bending, torsion and irregular seabed interaction effect

A three-dimensional Lump-Mass formulation of a catenary riser, capable of handling irregular seabed interaction, with bending and torsional stiffness is presented in this paper. This formulation uses only three degrees of translational freedom and one independent torque variable for each computational node. The generality of the present formulation permits static and dynamic analyses of a wide range of offshore-related slender structure systems such as mooring cables, rigid and flexible risers as well as submarine pipelines. Four sets of results are presented for (i) a hanging catenary, (ii) as (i) but subjected to end torsion, (iii) a wire, chain and spring buoy mooring and (iv) a steel catenary riser on an irregular seabed.     

The Surface and Three-dimensional Characteristics of Mesoscale Eddies: A Review

Mesoscale eddies, which are widely found in the oceans, play a vital role in momentum, energy, heat and mass transport. The Euler method for identifying mesoscale eddies using satellite altimeter data was presented in detail, including closed SLA contours, OW numbers, Winding-Angle and flow vector methods. The results show that mesoscale eddies are almost nonlinear and solid-body rotation. The long-lived eddies with lifetimes ≥16 weeks have an average lifetime of 32 weeks and an average propagation distance of 550 km. Their mean amplitude and a speed-based radius scale as defined by the automated procedure are 8 cm and 90 km, respectively. The method combining with SLA and Argo profiles to composite the three-dimensional structure were addressed. Due to the different temperature and salt structure in the various oceans of the world, the eddies in different oceans show different three-dimensional structures, which are influenced by both the generation and local temperature and salinity. Two special types of eddies were introduced from the perspective of generation, evolution and dissipation processes, namely the Loop Current Ring in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean eddy in the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, issues including submesoscale processes, dissipation of eddies and subthermocline eddies were discussed, and some future research directions were proposed.     

三维脆性破裂的拉应力判据

用线弹性断裂力学对连续介质中三维裂纹(K_Ⅲ≠0)破裂的拉应力断裂准则提出了补充性假说和相应的计算方法（第一主微分面定点法）。对于给定应力强度因子K_i（i=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）的裂纹问题,从理论上给出了初始破裂面完整形式的解析表示或数值计算结果。推导结果是,三维拉张破裂的初始破裂面是以破裂点为顶点的广角锥面,跨在原始裂纹面的前缘,它的外缘为螺旋线,锥面的每一条母线都与过该线的第一主微分面重合。大量的这样的初始破裂面叠错密接,互不相交。推算的结果与已有的三锥破裂实验结果基本符合。把补充后的拉应力判据和最大拉应力理论相比较,发现在应力分量只保留奇异项的情况下,这两种判据是等价的;但如果对应力分量作零阶项修正,则两种判据只在三维(K_Ⅲ≠0)问题中等价,在二维(K_Ⅲ=0)问题中不完全等价。