Three-dimensional undrained tunnel face stability in clay with a linearly increasing shear strength with depth

The undrained tunnel face stability in clay with a linearly increasing shear strength with depth was investigated by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Three parametric studies were performed to study the effects of the cover depth ratio, overburden stress factor and linear strength gradient ratio on the load factor of the undrained tunnel face stability. The influence of the linear strength gradient ratio on the predicted failure mechanism of the undrained face stability was discussed and examined. An approximate closed-form solution was proposed for three-dimensional undrained tunnel face stability in clays with constant or linearly increasing shear strength profiles with depth.     

核电结构三维隔震研究

三维隔震对保护核电厂结构和内部设备设施安全具有重要意义。首先,设计了一种三维隔震控制系统,该系统包括水平隔震层和竖向隔震层,在竖向隔震层中设置抗摇摆装置以达到控制结构摇摆反应。其次,对三维隔震模型进行了振动台试验验证,振动台试验结果表明,该系统能有效减小上部结构地震响应。最后,对核岛厂房采用三维隔震技术进行了讨论,分析了强震作用下核岛厂房三维隔震结构反应特征。     

利用三维可视化卫星遥感影像分析龙蟠-乔后断裂带的几何结构

本文对龙蟠-乔后断裂,采用1/5万数字高程模型和2.5m分辨率的ALOS遥感影像,在ENVI 4.5平台上将二者融合,获取三维可视化卫星遥感影像。从不同的角度、尺度,对三维影像进行构造地貌解译,获得断裂的展布和活动性质。之后选择部分场点考察验证,发现地质地貌体的断错特征与影像上分析的一致,说明三维影像的构造地貌解译在获得断裂几何展布研究中完全适用。本文应用该方法对龙蟠-乔后断裂的研究表明:龙蟠-乔后断裂由北向南依次经过老母增、龙蟠东、鸿文、雄古、北高寨、龙门邑、桃园、东富乐、岩峰场等;依据断裂几何不连续、走向变化、活动性质变化等,由北向南分为龙蟠段、鸿文段、九河段、剑川盆地段、东富乐段。龙蟠段与鸿文段为左旋左阶斜列;鸿文段与九河段为左旋左阶斜列,九河段走向相较鸿文段和南侧的剑川段逆时针旋转约5°,九河盆地的发育与走向变化相关;九河段与剑川盆地段为左旋右阶斜列,剑川盆地的发育不仅与龙蟠-乔后断裂相关,更可能与丽江-小金河断裂的活动也相关;剑川盆地段与东富乐段为左旋右阶斜列,斜列区为拉分性质的沙溪盆地。综上可知,龙蟠-乔后槽谷的形成与断裂最新几何结构和运动性质仅在部分段落上一致,从这个角度看槽谷的形成不排除古河道等其它因素的影响。     

TLS在滑坡几何特征快速提取中的应用

滑坡灾害是危险性和破坏力均非常严重的地面灾害之一,滑坡发生后如何快速、高效和高精度地获取滑坡体的几何特征数据是滑坡应急处置重要的测绘保障工作内容。本文应用地面三维激光扫描仪(TLS)进行了快速获取滑坡区域数据和几何特征提取的科学试验,通过ILRIS_36D地面三维激光扫描仪和PolyWorks软件获取和处理数据,提取了滑坡几何特征,数据可供相关部门对滑坡灾害进行快速科学处置。该方法速度快、精度高、信息全,与常规测量方式相比具有多方面的优势。     

全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展

介绍了地幔三维地震模型及地球动力学最新进展，特别是１９９５年７月ＩＵＧＧ第２１届大会展示的新成果。地幔三维速度分布主要由全球数字地震台网资料求得。１００ｋｍ深度速度分布主要与板块构造有关，３５０ｋｍ深度显示了大陆与海洋的差异，１９００ｋｍ深度表现环太平洋的高速异常带。     

Detection and hydrologic modeling of aquifers in unconsolidated alluvial plains through combination of borehole data sets: a case study of the Arao area, Southwest Japan

In addition to spatial distribution of groundwater-flow parameters, aquifer properties of location and shape are also significant for assessing groundwater resources because they strongly affect water flow. We present a selection of geologic data suitable for aquifer analysis, a mathematical method of processing them, and a combination of several maps produced by it. The data used in the analysis are typically obtained by borehole investigation. Our targets are the areas underlain by geologic bodies with different ages and lithologies; the spatial correlation structures of geologic data over the areas tend to change locally. The processing method should be a versatile one that is applicable to areas where geostatistical stationarity is not satisfied. The aquifer analysis consistent with that requirement consists of two steps: the first is the transformation of screen locations, locations of sand and gravel layers, and resistivity by electric logging into indicator values, and the second is three-dimensional interpolation of these using the optimization principle method to produce three kinds of distribution models. A stochastic simulation is also used for modeling the resistivity distribution. The three distribution models are integrated to generate a value for evaluating the possibility of aquifer existence. A case study of an alluvial coastal plain, situated in southwest Japan, describes an aquifer model that contains three permeable layers. Each layer has about 10-m thickness and is lens shaped. To confirm the validity of the model, we have drilled two wells that reached one of the middle and bottom permeable layers, observing the water level change. Low correlation of the temporal changes of levels between the wells indicates that the two layers are hydrologically independent of each other. Additionally, groundwater-flow patterns have been estimated by transforming the simulation model parameter into hydraulic conductivity through a simple function and using a finite difference method for flow analysis. The procedure proposed by this study can be applied to other areas by changing the weights assigned to each geologic and geotechnical factor in the generation of the coefficient for aquifer existence, considering the reliability of each factor and hydrologic properties of study area.     

南北地震带中段深部构造与地震

南北地震带中段位于中国大腹部，是青藏块体、华北块体和扬子块体的中间枢纽部位。根据该区布格重力异常图，采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ’ｓ三维位场方法进行莫氏面反演并计算该区不同窗口的剩余场推断和解释了条岩石圈断裂，进而研究它们与地震的关系。     

三维重磁交互解释及区域与局部异常的分离

探讨了三维重磁交互解释的方法技术，提出构制任意形状三维物体模型的用于计算机的橡皮膜技术．针对通常分离区域与局部异常所存在的问题，提出在异常交互解释过程中同时进行异常分离的方法，并提出相应的算法．最后介绍一个应用实例．     

基于交叉梯度约束的电阻率法和背景噪声法三维联合反演研究

电阻率法和背景噪声法是通过获得地下介质的电阻率和速度参数的分布来探究地球内部物质分布的非均匀性特征,联合反演可以有效地发挥两种方法的优势,减小反演多解性.本文采用有限内存拟牛顿（L-BFGS）算法实现了电阻率法和背景噪声法的单方法三维反演,然后基于电阻率和速度模型结构耦合约束,采用交替迭代方式实现了电阻率法和背景噪声法的三维联合反演.通过设计规则体组合模型和不规则体组合模型进行理论模型合成数据三维反演试算,结果表明：联合反演可以获得同时满足数据拟合差和结构更为相似的速度-电阻率模型;联合反演可以压制背景噪声单方法反演出现的假异常,获得更精细的速度结构;联合反演获得的电阻率模型对倾斜异常体、高阻覆层下方异常体、圈闭的高/低阻体等边界信息有明显的提升,有效克服电阻率法单方法反演的局限,提高深部电阻率的分辨率.