三峡大坝会减小东海的上升流和生产力吗?——与陈镇东先生商榷

针对陈镇东先生于《Geophys.Res.Lett.》2000年27卷3期提出的"三峡大坝将减小东海的上升流并降低东海生产力"的观点认为,陈先生在其方法的适用性、严密性和观测事实等方面尚存在一些有待商榷之处。研究分析表明,三峡大坝不仅不会减少长江的年径流量,不会减小东海的上升流,反而可通过减少长江泥沙入海通量而增加近岸水体的光可得性,从而提高长江口及东海近岸海域的初级生产力。     

Three‐dimensional simulation of tsunami run‐up around conical island

At the circular Babi Island in the Flores tsunami (1992) and pear shaped island in the Okushiri event (1993), unexpectedly large tsunami run‐up heights in the lee of conic islands were observed. The flume and basin physical model studies were conducted in the Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a better understanding of the physical phenomena and verify numerical models used in predicting tsunami wave run‐up on beaches, islands, and vertical walls. Reasonably accurate comparison of run‐up height of solitary waves on a circular island has been obtained between laboratory experimental results and two‐dimensional computation model results. In this study we apply three‐dimensional RANS model to simulate wave run‐up on conical island. In the run‐up computation we obtain that 3D calculations are in very good comparison with laboratory and 2D numerical results. A close examination of the three‐dimensional velocity distribution around conical island to compare with depth‐integrated model is performed. It is shown that the velocity distribution along the vertical coordinate is not uniform: and velocity field is weaker in the bottom layer and higher on the sea surface. The maximum difference (about 40%) appears at the time when solitary wave reached the circular island.     

相空间反演方法在表层水温预报中的应用

利用相空间理论及方法对渤、黄、东海共4个站位近十几年的旬平均SST进行分析。结果表明：表层水温具有混饨特性，其吸引子关联维数平均约为1．23、嵌入相空间维数为6（渤、黄海）和7（东海178号站位）、二阶Renyi熵平均约为3．7×10-4（1／d）及平均可预报时间尺度平均为27个点；基于以上分析结果运用相空间反演方法建立了旬平均SST的反演模型，并且在试预报的前5旬的最大相对误差约为4．2％。     

迎风有限元法在三维潮流数值模拟中的应用

为研究和开发迎风有限元法在河口海岸三维波数值模拟中的应用，并为建立三维物质扩散模型，最终为解决实际工程问题打下基础，以非线性浅水波方程为基础，采用一咱平面迎风有奶元与垂向工有限差分相结合地数值计算方法建立三维潮流数学模型，基地实际的物理过程，在计算中将三维流动分成外重力波和内重力波，耦联求解潮位和流速的空间分布。应用本模式计算了天津新港附近渤海海域的三维潮流运动，以较高的分辩率揭示了潮流空间结构特     

广西沿岸海平面变化的关联维数研究

采用相空间重构和关联维数方法，研究了广西沿岸月平均海平面变化的分形特征，结果表明，相空间重构的延迟时间τ为3△t，当关联维数趋于饱和时，石头埠，北海和龙尾的相空间维数为7，而涠洲岛为9，它们的关联维数平均值平均值分别为6.6507,6.5414,6.7059.     

海岸线长度与分维在不同比例尺地图上的变化研究

结合国内外海岸线分形研究进展 ,以江苏省海岸线为例 ,系统地探讨了不同比例尺地图上海岸线长度与分维的变化及其规律。指出海岸线长度与地图比例尺之间存在有 lg L =algk b的基本关系 ;其次 ,对于同一条海岸线来说 ,使用量规法和网格法计算所得分维结果是不同的 ,使用量规法的计算结果大于使用网格法的计算结果 ;再者 ,在不同比例尺地图上 ,同一海岸线的分维是不同的 ,随着地图比例尺的逐渐变小 ,海岸线分维相应地逐渐变小 ,且在不同比例尺间使用量规法计算所得海岸线分维结果的差值大于使用网格法计算所得海岸线分维结果的差值     

1995—2017年福建省海岸线时空变化分析

利用遥感影像和GIS技术相结合获取福建省1995、2001、2010、2017年共4期海岸线的时空分布情况,并结合网格法计算各时期海岸线的分形维数,结合获取数据分析海岸线的时空变化特征、海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化之间的关系以及影响海岸线变化的原因.结果表明:1995—2017年福建省海岸线长度呈持续增加趋势,共增加3...     

滨海社区空间演变分形研究——以厦门市高浦社区为例

滨海城市社区的空间形态及其海岸线表现出一定程度的复杂性,发展量化描述方法对于其可发展研究有重要的理论与应用价值。本研究基于分形理论,以滨海城市厦门的高浦社区为研究对象,利用计盒法对该滨海社区空间形态和边界进行复杂性分析和分形维计算,研究社区空间形态复杂性演变规律。结果表明:作为典型海湾渔村的高浦社区空间形态具有分数维,呈现分形结构特性。自1989年至今,该社区空间形态的分形维数呈现增长态势;社区边界的分形维数呈现下降态势。社区空间形态的分形维数与社区建筑占地面积、建筑总面积、建筑密度、容积率都表现出相关性。这表明滨海社区在快速城市化进程中,社区规模急剧扩张可能会导致空间形态和边界复杂性的显著变化。     

Seafloor Geomorphology and Processes on the Western Continental Margin of India based on Multibeam Acoustic Backscatter Data Analysis

An assessment of the multibeam sonar data of the central Western Continental Margins of India has been carried out to evaluate the seafloor geomorphology and processes by examining the geomorphological attributes e.g., slope, sediments, structures, etc. associated with geomorphic features. The variation in relief and the features located in the region have been mapped and interpreted collectively by utilizing several geospatial mapping tools. The backscatter strength across the area, apparently congruent with the local relief, has helped to examine the sediment movement on the seafloor. The prominent features found in the region include faults, pockmarks, mounds, submarine terraces, and submerged fossil reefs. Several areas with varying topography engender comparable fractal dimension at short scale breaks, and the probability density functions (PDFs) utilizing backscatter data depicting overlapping classes. The present study highlights how fractals and scale break parameters can be utilized to determine the seafloor processes and associated sedimentological dynamics in a complex geographical environment with strong bottom currents, seasonal upwelling, and faulted structure. The role and impact of the various geomorphic processes on the reworking of sediment movement and the overall progression of the seafloor morphology has been revealed for the first time in this part of the ocean bottom.     

三峡大坝会减小东海的上升流和生产力吗?——敬复王保栋、孙霞两位指教

2000年笔者利用很简单的一维稳态箱式模型,指出若三峡大坝减少了流入东海的淡水量,则将减少东海陆棚边缘涌升的黑潮次表层水.由于黑潮次表层水饱含营养盐,因此若涌升速率降低了,涌升至东海大陆架的营养盐也就跟着降低,从而影响生物生产力及渔获.王、孙二位提出了不同的看法,并正确地指出了一维稳态箱式模型过度简化所导致的若干问题.然而,王、孙二位似乎对大陆架上之浮力效应原理有所误解,因而误以为浮力效应原理与箱式模型所得推论相反.