坐标参数加权平差法在线路补测中的应用

在线路施工的补充测量控制中,对先期控制点老坐标的如何使用,关系到新坐标的网形精度和与老坐标的差异程度.介绍了对先期控制点坐标进行赋权参加平差的方法,并给出评定结果的指标.用实例分析验证了这种方法的有效性.     

Integrated Sensible Heat Flux Measurements of a Two-Surface Composite Landscape using Scintillometry

The potential of the LAS (large aperture scintillometry) method for measuring sensible heat flux (H) directly integrated over a two-field composite surface is evaluated. We describe a field experiment performed within the Alpilles/ReSeDa project in the south-east of France over a composite surface made up of wheat and bare soil (451 and 216 m long respectively) using two 0.15-m diameter scintillometers mounted at heights of 2.05 and 4.54 m. When compared against reference values obtained by the eddy correlation technique, LAS-measured sensible heat flux reveals a systematic overestimation of about 10%. A simple model describing the integration of the scintillometer signal along the beam for a two-field composite surface is described. A simulation of the experiment confirms that the bias observed isrelated to non-linearities in the integration process in relation with thebell-shape sensitivity curve of the instrument to the structure parameter for the refractive index it measures. The model is used to test the sensitivity of the LAS-derived H values to the composition of the pathlength (ratio of both surfaces) and to the contrast in sensible heat flux and roughness length between the two fields. Sensitivity tests to the aggregation scheme for roughness length (two of them are tested) and to the measurement height are also presented. The composition of the surface in combination with the contrast in sensible heat flux (in direct relation with the contrast in latent heat flux) explains most of the bias, with possible deviations ranging from -50 up to 80 W m^-2. A tentative semi-empirical method for correcting the bias is suggested, which only requires a crude estimate of the contrast in component sensible heat fluxes along the pathlength.     

New evidence for a relation between wind stress and wave age from measurements during ASGAMAGE

Data from the 1996 ASGAMAGE experiment, performed in the southern North Sea at research platform Meetpost Noordwijk (MPN), are analysed for the parameters affecting the momentum flux. The stress turns out to be quadratically related to the 10-m wind speed and linearly to the wind speed at a wavelength related level. The Charnock parameter (dimensionless roughness length) shows a pronounced correlation with wave age. This implies, due to a coupling between wave age and the steepness of the waves, a connection between the stress and the steepness. We find that our North Sea results are consistent withopen ocean observations. For a given wind speed the mean stress at MPN turns out to be higher because the wave age there is in general lower. We define and give an expression for a drag coefficient at a wavelength related level that can be calculated straightforwardly from the wave age and then reduced to a standard level.     

滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对地震频谱和结构刚度的鲁棒性

地震功率谱密度函数的频率范围和结构刚度变化对滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统减震效果的影响分析表明 :控制系统减震效果对地震功率谱的频域宽窄不敏感 ,而对功率谱所覆盖的结构自振频率敏感 ;结构刚度发生± 15 %的变化对减震效果的影响不大。分析还表明 ,滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对于结构非线性地震反应有显著的减震作用     

2001年4月22日阳江4.2级地震前部分地震波参数变化特征

应用广东数字遥测地震台网的数字化的地震形资料，研究阳江地震前，地震波波形时间线性度、平均半周期和地震波波形空间线性度等地震波参数变化特征。结果表明，震前半年时间内，上述地震波参数不同程度地出现下降异常。利用线性偏振度自动检测的P、S波初至具有可靠的精度，为广泛利用地震波参数预报地震提供了方便。     

2002年3月31日台湾M 7.5地震概述

2002年3月31日在台湾以东沿海附近发生里氏7.5级地震，造成生命和财产的较严重损失。文章概述了这次地震的情况，包括震源参数、震源机制解、破坏、伤亡和发震背景。     

Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the position and scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution

 Ad hoc techniques for estimating the position and the scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution are introduced. The estimators proposed are simple linear combinations of the order statistics: they provide valuable estimates of the parameters of interest, both when the shape parameter is known and when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications), and show a good performance as well when the sample size is small. The procedures are tested on simulated data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown.     

2001年5月24日四川盐源5.8级地震灾害及损失评估

对2001年5月24日发生在四川盐源之5.8级地震灾情作了概述，这次地震宏观震中位于四川盐源县泸沽湖镇舍垮村一带，震中区烈度为Ⅶ度，个别点可达Ⅷ度，其中四川地区受灾面积达1130平方千米，受灾人口达9632户，48249人，地震造成1人死亡，39人受伤，5930人无家可归，其直接经济损失在9000万元左右，同时，位于震区外围的木里县城所在地-乔瓦镇因位于老滑坡地带，成为灾害异常区，从而使建筑物遭受较大的损坏。     

格尔木台数字地震资料与台网模拟资料的对比分析

选取了格尔木地震台2000年9月至12月记录到（Ml≥3.0）的数字地震资料。模拟地震资料选取了青海省地震局分析预报中心测震分析组编辑的《青海省地震目录》提供了地震参数。对2种地震资料在发震时刻、震中位置及震级方面作了初步的分析比较。通过对比分析，认为：数字化地震仪无论是在授时精度，还是在分析处理方面都优于模拟记录。用数字资料替代模拟资料是地震台站的一次技术革命。     

Multi-Parameter Identification and Applications in Well-Logging

We deal with a multi-parameter identification problem arising in oil industry. In the general case, we give a local solvability condition to guarantee the well-posedness of the problem. We discuss in detail the identification of two parameters for which some numerical results are given.