用理论模式研究电离层F1－ledge的变化

利用一个时变电离层理论模式，研究武昌地区（３０．５°Ｎ，１１４．４°Ｅ）电离层Ｆ_１－ｌｅｄｓｅ现象．表明利用当前关于中性气体和太阳辐射的经验模式，观测到的Ｆ_１－ｌｅｄｇｅ出现与演化的基本规律将可基于现有电离层理论加以再现．指出较明显的Ｆ_１－ｌｅｄｇｅ结构同较低的中性原子－分子含量比有直接关系，并同原子－分子成份的过渡高度、背景温度及其垂直分布形态有一定联系．同Ｆ_１－ｌｅｄｇｅ形态相关联的Ｆ_１－Ｆ_２谷，其出现主要是由于亚稳态氧离子参与光化过程，以及电离气体参与具有一定垂直变化的输运过程．     

过去全球变化研究中若干问题的反思

过去全球变化是ＩＧＢＰ计划的核心计划之一，科学家对过去会球变化的研究已经取得了许多意义的成果和积累了丰富的资料，对全球变化中的气候突变的必然性和偶然性，全球变化的确定性和不确定性及简单性和复杂性作一些反思，以求引起学术争鸣。     

Theoretical and numerical analyses of pore-fluid flow focused heat transfer around geological faults and large cracks

In this paper, theoretical and numerical methods are used to investigate pore-fluid flow focused temperature distribution patterns around geological faults and cracks of any length-scales in hydrothermal systems. If the far field inflow is uniform and the long axis of an elliptical fault of any length-scale is parallel to the far field inflow direction, a complete set of analytical solutions has been presented for the pore-fluid velocity, stream function and excess pore-fluid pressure around the elliptical fault embedded in fluid-saturated porous media. Because the analytical solutions are explicitly expressed in the conventional Cartesian coordinate system, not only can they be used to gain a theoretical insight into the pore-fluid flow patterns around geological faults and large cracks, but also they can be used as valuable benchmark solutions for validating any numerical methods. After a finite element computational model is validated by comparing the numerical solutions with the present analytical solutions, it is used to investigate pore-fluid flow focused heat transfer around geological faults in hydrothermal systems. Some interesting conclusions in relation to the effects of geological faults on pore-fluid flow focused heat transfer have been made through both the theoretical and the numerical analyses.     

成矿作用动力学研究的新进展及发展趋势

成矿作用动力学是地球化学动力学的一个重要分支学科,近年给出了更完善的定义,初步建立了一套理论体系和研究方法。水岩相互作用及动力学模型、物质输运与化学反应、成矿元素的输运与沉淀、化学热力学与输运性质等方面的研究取得许多新的进展。最后指出了成矿作用动力学的某些发展趋势。     

Displacement produced in an elastic half-space by the impulsive torsional motion of a circular ring source

Summary In this paper the problem of disturbance in an elastic semi-infinite medium due to the torsional motion of a circular ring source on the free surface of a medium are studied. Two cases, when the medium is either homogeneous or inhomogeneous, are treated. In order to solve the problem, the Laplace transform and the Hankel transform and the Laplace inversion by Cagniard's method as modified byDe Hoop (1959) are applied. Finally, the integrals for displacement are evaluated numerically. The displacement on the free surface as a function of time is shown by means of graphs, in the case of both a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous medium, indicating clearly the variation in displacement due to the presence of an inhomogeneity.     

Estimating site-specific strong earthquake motions

The Campus Earthquake Program (CEP) of the University of California (UC) started in March 1996, and involved a partnership among seven campuses of the UC—Berkeley, Davis, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz—and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The aim of the CEP was to provide University campuses with site-specific assessments of their earthquake strong motion exposure, to complement estimates they obtain from consultants according to the state-of-the-practice (SOP), i.e. Building Codes (UBC 97, IBC 2000), and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). The Building Codes are highly simplified tools, while the more sophisticated PSHA is still somewhat generic in its approach because it usually draws from many earthquakes not necessarily related to the faults threatening the site under study.Between 1996 and 2001, the site-specific studies focused on three campuses: Riverside, San Diego, and Santa Barbara. Each campus selected 1–3 sites to demonstrate the methods and procedures used by the CEP: Rivera Library and Parking Lots (PL) 13 and 16 at UCR, Thornton Hospital, the Cancer Center, and PL 601 at UCSD, and Engineering I building at UCSB. The project provided an estimate of strong ground motions at each selected site, for selected earthquake scenarios. These estimates were obtained by using an integrated geological, seismological, geophysical, and geotechnical approach, that brings together the capabilities of campus and laboratory personnel. Most of the site-specific results are also applicable to risk evaluation of other sites on the respective campuses.The CEP studies have provided a critical assessment of whether existing campus seismic design bases are appropriate. Generally speaking, the current assumptions are not acknowledging the severity of the majority of expected motions. Eventually, both the results from the SOP and from the CEP should be analyzed, to arrive at decisions concerning the design-basis for buildings on UC campuses.     

区域开发决策若干问题的探讨

本文论述了区域开发决策的涵义、地位、内容、程序,提出了区域开发决策的理论基础和方法论依据.区域开发决策实质由区域开发决策支持和区域开发决策选择两部分组成,区域开发规划是区域开发决策支持的重要组成部分,区域开发决策是区域开发规划的延伸.区域开发决策应遵循有限理性原则,即在综合考虑决策费用与决策效果基础上寻求最佳满意,区域开发决策中要坚持定性分析与定量分析相结合,软技术与硬技术相结合.     

锆石微量元素的理论基础及其应用研究进展

锆石是地质学研究中最重要的副矿物,其分布广泛、物理、化学性质稳定,记录了结晶时的年龄、温度、氧逸度以及O-Hf-Si-Zr-Li等多元同位素和微量元素信息,被广泛运用于地球科学的研究中。近年来,随着分析技术的发展,研究者在获取锆石年龄的同时也获取了大量锆石微量元素数据,这些数据的积累推动着研究者对锆石微量元素理论研究的不断深入,并取得了一系列重要进展,如发现锆石微量元素组成受锆石本身的晶格特点主导,符合晶格应变模型和类质同象替代机制;发现锆石微量元素组成受到熔体成分演化影响,锆石结晶时的熔体微量元素组成往往不等同于全岩;发现锆石内部的微量元素不均一特征(矿物包裹体、热点、蜕晶化作用等)可能会严重影响锆石的微量元素组成,继而建立了"干净锆石"的判别指标和筛选机制。此外,锆石微量元素的应用研究也取得了长足进展,研究者们不断尝试通过各类锆石微量元素指标、图解、分配系数,识别母岩浆物理化学性质、反演母岩浆组成,大大推动了锆石微量元素在示踪岩浆源区和岩浆过程中的应用。然而,由于锆石微量元素组成受控于多种因素,使得锆石微量元素在实际应用当中常常面临着多解性问题、重叠问题和分配系数的选择问题,在一定程度上影响了锆石微量元素应用研究的可靠性。未来的锆石微量元素研究将不满足于使用传统的低维指标和图解以及分配系数,而将在充分吸收传统方法精华的基础上,从海量数据与更高的维度中寻找元素之间相关性,基于热力学定律揭示新原理,基于更高空间分辨率揭示动力学因素的影响,从数据驱动和理论驱动的全新视角下深入揭示隐藏在锆石微量元素中的信息。