PAHs distribution in sediments associated with gas hydrate and oil seepage from the Gulf of Mexico

Six sediment samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed. Total concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 52 to 403 ng g⁻¹ dry weight. The lowest PAH concentration without 5–6 rings PAHs appeared in S-1 sample associated with gas hydrate or gas venting. Moreover, S-1 sample had the lowest organic carbon content with 0.85% and highest reduced sulfur level with 1.21% relative to other samples. And, analysis of the sources of PAHs in S-1 sample indicated that both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, converserly, while S-8, S-10 and S-11 sample suggested petrogenic origin. The distribution of dibenzothiophene, fluorine and dibenzofuran and the maturity parameters of triaromatic steranes suggested that organic matters in S-1 sample were different from that in S-8, S-10 and S-11 sample. This study suggested that organic geochemical data could help in distinguish the characteristic of sediment associated with gas hydrate or with oil seepage.     

渤海湾沿岸晚第四纪地层划分及地质意义

本文以4个钻透上更新统钻孔为例,以岩性和沉积构造为基础,采用“C、微体和孢粉等分析方法,结合气候地层和层序地层学的理论,对渤海湾晚第四纪地层进行了划分,讨论了岩相古地理和新构造特征.渤海湾沿岸晚第四纪地层可以划分为9组地层,自下而上分别为海洋氧同位素5e(MIS5e)、MIS5d、MIS5c、MIS5b、MIS5a、M...     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of fine- and coarse-grained sands in the Ordos deserts and links with sediments in surrounding areas

In addition to mineral analyses, REE and trace element geochemical characteristics of fine- and coarse-grained sands in the Ordos deserts and other sediments in surrounding areas are investigated.Commonly the samples consist of quartz, feldspar and muscovite and less clinochlore, dolomite and ankerite. In few samples muscovite is absent.REE and trace compositions are spatially uniform for the same grain-size sands, suggesting that they could have the same sources or/and were well homogenized. However, fine- and coarse-grained sands in the Ordos deserts show different REE and trace element compositions. Fine-grained sands show higher contents of REE and trace elements than those of coarse-grained sands. They differ in Eu anomalies and (La/Yb)_N ratios although both fractions are characterized by the steep LREE and smooth HREE patterns. The fine- and coarse-grained sands are also distinct in some characteristic element ratios (e.g., Th/Co, La/Sc, Th/Sc and Y/Ni).REE and trace element patterns of the two different grain-size fractions are closely associated with geological properties of individual sources rather than the mineralogical differentiation induced by wind sorting. The coarse-grained sands mainly resulted from sandstone weathering in the Ordos deserts and movements of coarse particles by wind. REE and trace element patterns of fine-grained sands in the Ordos deserts differ from those of sandstones in the Ordos deserts, the alluvial sands in the surrounding mountains and the coarse fluvial sands in the Yellow River. They resemble the fine fluvial sands in the Yellow River. In addition, arid areas of Northwest China such as the Tarim Basin and the Alxa Plateau should not be ruled out as the source of the fine-grained sands in the Ordos deserts because these arid areas reserve plenty of fine-grained sediments and also located in the upwind directions of the Ordos deserts.     

江苏及邻区震群活动特征分析

系统地整理研究了江苏及其邻近地区36次小震群活动,总结了震群活动的参数特征,探讨了震群活动与大震的关系,分析检验了前兆震群类型的判定指标.江苏地区震群活动分布集中,强度以ML2.0～3.9地震为主,震群序列总频次在30次以下居多,持续时间在15天以内的震群占总数的55％;震群序列中地震总频次和震群持续时间与震群的最大震级之间不成正比;研究区78％震群发生后对应M4.6以上中强地震,其中500km范围内时间间隔在1年内的占对应地震总数的57％,具有一定的中短期地震预测指示意义;震群与未来中强地震的距离较为离散,但尚无在原地发生大地震的震例.震群强度大小与未来中强地震的对应率高低和对应的地震强度大小没有明显的相关关系,震群频次的多少与其后发生地震的对应率高低也没有明显的相关关系.采用U-p组合或者全组合判定震群类型的效果相对较好,检验正确率约占总数的50％,但总体而言效果并不十分有效,需要参考其它方法和手段综合判定.     

汶川8．0级特大地震汉源县震害特点与烈度异常成因探讨

本文在汉源县地震灾害调查的基础上,通过收集前人在该区已取得的成果资料,采用综合分析、类比等方法,对汉源县地震烈度异常区震害及造成异常的原因进行了分析探讨。汉源县建筑物破坏形式以水平地震作用造成的“X”型剪切破坏为主,竖向地震造成的破坏较少。地震波传播路径、场地土层条件和地形地貌条件三者的耦合是造成汉源县烈度异常的主要原因,其中场地土层中占优势厚度的砾石层是造成场地地震波放大的主要内因。本文取得的初步结论为更加深入地科学研究本区地震烈度异常的原因提供了新思路。     

山西高温天气的环流特征及流型配置研究

利用1958年-2008年高低空气象观测资料以及山西省气象信息中心归档的109站1958年-2008年的原始气象记录月报表及其信息化产品资料,分别以最高气温≥35℃、≥37℃、≥40℃为指标,研究山西高温日的时空分布、变化趋势及环流特征。结果表明：a）山西高温日最早出现在4月中旬,最晚出现在9月中旬,≥35℃、≥37℃和≥40℃的高温日6月下旬最多;b）高温日数有随纬度、随海拔的升高而减少,有西部多于东部、南部多于北部、盆地多于山区的空间分布特征。≥40℃的高温区域主要集中在运城和临汾地区;C）1984年-2008年,35℃以上的高温日数整体呈上升趋势;1979年-2008年,30年间高温站次以153站次,10a的趋势增多。20世纪90年代以后,不仅高温日数增多,而且高温持续时间、强度、范围都有增强趋势;d）影响山西高温的500hPa环流形势主要有副高纬向性、副高经向型以及大陆高压（脊）控制型3类。在特定的流型配置下,T850≥25℃、T700≥13℃,T850≥26℃、T700≥14℃,T850≥28℃、T700≥15℃,T850≥32℃、T700≥16℃是山西省不同区域、不同风向影响时,≥35℃、≥37℃、≥40℃高温天气预报的临界值。     

渤海西岸边界层东风与暴雪天气的机理分析

2008年12月20—21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）和地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用进行探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。     

汶川MS8.0级大震前天基与陆基电场资料联合应用研究

利用边际谱方法对2008年5月12日四川汶川地震前天基和陆基电场变化情况进行了联合分析研究,结果表明:(1)空间电场方面,由重复轨道和连续轨道电场边际谱演化看出,电离层电场从2008年4月27日左右开始,其边际谱出现了明显的增强现象(增大1~2个量级),这种现象一直持续到汶川地震发生.(2)陆基电场方面,中法合作的松山...     

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Northern Qaidam Basin, NW China: Implications for the earliest Cretaceous intracontinental tectonism

Formation of Mesozoic western China, which was dominated by tectonic amalgamation along its southern margin and associated intracontinental tectonisms, holds a key for interpreting the succedent Cenozoic evolution. This paper presents new data including lithology, sedimentary facies, stratigraphic contact, seismic interpretation and paleo-structures within the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata in the northern Qaidam Basin, NW China. These data all account for a contractional tectonic deformation in the earliest Cretaceous. The South Qilian Shan, according to the sedimentary features and provenance analysis, reactivated and exhumated during the deformation, controlling the deposition of the Lower Cretaceous sequences. A simplified model for the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleogeography and tectonics of the northern Qaidam Basin is accordingly proposed. The results also support a ∼25° clockwise rotation of the Qaidam Basin since the Early Cretaceous and a more accurate Mesozoic evolution process for the basin. This earliest Cretaceous deformation, associated with the reactivation of the South Qilian Shan at the time, are part of the intracontinental tectonisms in central Asia during the Mesozoic, and probably driven by both the closure of the Mongol-Okhostk Ocean to the north and the collision of the Lhasa and the Qiangtang blocks to the south.     

阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中酸性侵入岩地质、地球化学特征及地质意义

据青藏高原北部1∶25万区域地质调查资料引对阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中主要出露的中酸性侵入岩类岩体地质、岩石地球化学特征进行对比研究,探讨原始古陆系统隶属关系结果得出:岩体类型、岩石类型组合、成岩时代、岩浆系列、岩浆源岩物性及形成的地球动力学背景均可完全进行对比,认为前晋宁和晋宁期S型花岗岩类,可能是在碰撞造山地球动力学背景下,由成年期TTG陆壳局部或循环熔融形成;加里东和华力西期以I型和A型花岗岩类为主,推测是在一种大陆岩石圈伸展减薄或是大陆裂谷动力学背景下,由地幔基性超基性岩浆上侵引起中下地壳岩石局部熔融产生的一种岩浆作用产物,源区可能是副变质类型榴辉岩相和麻粒岩相下地壳结合前人研究成果,初步提出阿尔金和东昆仑造山带古老基底同属一个古陆系统.