中国历史时期气候变化影响及其应对的启示简

The social impact of global climate change is one of the hotspots in the current research. To deal with the challenges from climate change, it could be learned from the adapting experiences and lessons to climate change in the history. The main achievements of cognition on the historical impacts of climatic change in China and on coping with the climate changes in the future based the published papers in recent years is summarized. The followings are the main conclusions. ①The general characteristics of the impacts of climatic change in the history was negative in the cold periods and positive in the warm periods, but there were regional differences in the impact and responses. ②The cooling trend on centurial scale and the social economic decline run concurrently. The rapid development supported by better resources and environment in the warm period could lead to the increase of the social vulnerability when the climate turned to the cold period. ③Strategies and policies to cope with the climate change in the history were adopted according to the temporal and spatial circumstances and the subjects. Initiative adaptation promoted by governments was an effective way.     

水利促进长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展的思考

长江流域在中国经济社会发展中具有极为重要的战略地位,长江中下游地区更是我国最具实力的经济带。水利是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础设施,是经济社会可持续发展的重要支撑,要实现长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展离不开水利的支撑和保障。根据长江中下游地区的水资源条件和水利发展现状,分析水利与长江中下游地区协调发展要求不相适应的主要问题,思考水利促进长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展的思路和重点,并提出相应的对策和建议。     

夏季黄海冷水团海域的丙烯酸分布与海洋环境因子和叶绿素a变化之间的关系

海水中主要含硫化合物β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)降解可产生丙烯酸(AA)和活性气体二甲基硫(DMS)。2011年8月对黄海冷水团海域的AA及相关参量的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,该海域表层海水中AA的浓度为0~0.208μmol/L,平均值为(0.081±0.075)μmol/L。AA的高值区出现在海域的东南部,可能是受到长江冲淡水的影响。AA的浓度总体上呈现出由南到北递增的趋势,与Chl-a较为一致,表明该海域的AA主要是由DMSP裂解产生的。表层海水中AA与温度表现出明显的负相关性。AA的垂直分布表现为:中层底层表层,这可能是产生AA的浮游植物与消耗AA的细菌共同作用的结果。海域中AA浓度与DMSP或DMS无明显的相关性。AA浓度远高于DMS,AA/DMS平均为106∶1,初步估算出DMSP降解产生的AA约为66.5%。AA/Chl-a平均为126.6 mmol/g,比DMSP/Chl-a高1个数量级,比DMS/Chl-a高2个数量级。     

虎头崖岩体地质地球化学特征及其对东昆仑祁漫塔格印支中-晚期构造环境的制约

虎头崖岩体位于青海东昆仑祁漫塔格成矿亚带,形成于中-晚三叠世,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩组成,局部含闪长质暗色包体。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.71%～77.67%;K2O含量平均为4.7%;Na2O K2O为7.86%～9.1%;K2O/Na2O平均为1.36。A/CNK比值为1.01,KN/A比值为0.86,属于高钾钙碱性系列的微过铝质I型花岗岩类。∑REE含量中等,平均为120.10μg/g;δEu值0.04～0.47;（La/Yb）值为1.52～8.06 ;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线显示Eu负异常、HREE较平坦的右倾“V”型特征。岩体富集LIL和HFS元素,而Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti、P元素明显的负异常。结合区域地层岩性特征、A/MF-C/MF图解和岩体微量元素蛛网图,认为花岗岩是基性源区部分熔融和地壳物质混合的产物。结合地质特征、构造演化背景、元素判别图解等,认为包括虎头崖岩体在内的印支中晚期花岗岩形成于同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境。印支中晚期花岗岩形成机制为：在二叠纪末-三叠纪初阿尼玛卿洋盆向北部昆仑微陆块俯冲碰撞造山并形成同碰撞/板内构造环境,期间发育与幔源岩浆底侵关系密切的源区基性岩浆岩;中-晚三叠世期,主碰撞之后挤压应力相对松弛,深部压力降低,因地壳增厚升温、岩石熔点降低而导致源区中-基性岩浆部分熔融,并在相对开放的环境下高侵位成岩     

滇东北下田坝花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

滇东北下田坝花岗岩的SiO2质量分数在71.1%～78.15%之间,Al2O3值在11.55%～14.90%之间,A/CNK=0.94～1.25,属于弱过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量(∑REE)为259.71×10-6～804.60×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE为4.12～10.28,说明轻稀土较重稀土富集。岩石具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.04～0.07),大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Pb、U等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等明显亏损,这些特征说明下田坝花岗岩是由壳源物质部分熔融形成的,具有A型花岗岩的特征。对下田坝花岗岩进行的激光探针等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究获得了206Pb/238 U加权年龄年龄769±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.45),可代表花岗岩的形成年龄,下田坝花岗岩并非原来认为的早古生代花岗岩。结合对区域地质资料的分析认为,下田坝花岗岩的形成年龄与扬子地块西部Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在时间上一致,该花岗岩是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中由地幔柱活动引起的大陆裂谷环境中形成的,这也证实了扬子地块西南缘新元古代的裂谷环境已影响到滇东北的东川地区。     

中亚陆间区南带上古生界构造和油气远景（代序）

安加拉-阿尔丹和华北-塔里木两大克拉通之间地壳相对活动性的地区,地质界多称为中亚陆间区,其南带大部分在中国境内。近年来,中国开始把其上古生界作为油气新区、新领域。多数人认为,其在晚古生代已形成过渡型地壳区,其中有许多地块已逐步拼合,在其上发育裂谷型沉积地质体,未受到区域变质,若干实体变形微弱并被上覆层掩盖而得到保存。源于上古生界的油气既可赋存在其内,也可运聚于中生界或基岩内,在其西段已发现了大中型油气田群。但其整体地质研究程度偏低,仍有许多重大区域地质、油气地质问题存在歧见。针对其近年来的进展、存在的问题和油气远景评价作了概括性的评论。     

Late Quaternary environmental changes on Pacific islands: controversy,certainty and conjecture

The late Quaternary history of the Pacific islands is poorly known. Most details about Pleistocene history come from studies of ocean-floor sediments, although a few insular pollen records extend back into the last glacial stage. There is limited evidence for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) aridity and a rise in LGM–early Holocene precipitation associated with strengthening of the Southern Oscillation. The middle Holocene warming is best represented by sea-level records, which, from all parts of the Pacific, now show a contemporary maximum ca. 5000–3000 yr BP. Late Holocene cooling and precipitation increase were probably more widespread than available data suggest. The advent of humans into Pacific island environments, mostly during the late Holocene, is critically reviewed. Vegetation change may have, at least in part, been the result of climate change. Many Pacific island grasslands may be climatogenic rather than anthropogenic. Fires may have occurred naturally long before people arrived on Pacific islands. Ideas about early human impacts on Pacific island enviroments need to be critically reviewed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.