Crustal structure across the Grand Banks–Newfoundland Basin Continental Margin – II. Results from a seismic reflection profile

New multichannel seismic reflection data were collected over a 565 km transect covering the non-volcanic rifted margin of the central eastern Grand Banks and the Newfoundland Basin in the northwestern Atlantic. Three major crustal zones are interpreted from west to east over the seaward 350 km of the profile: (1) continental crust; (2) transitional basement and (3) oceanic crust. Continental crust thins over a wide zone (∼160 km) by forming a large rift basin (Carson Basin) and seaward fault block, together with a series of smaller fault blocks eastwards beneath the Salar and Newfoundland basins. Analysis of selected previous reflection profiles (Lithoprobe 85-4, 85-2 and Conrad NB-1) indicates that prominent landward-dipping reflections observed under the continental slope are a regional phenomenon. They define the landward edge of a deep serpentinized mantle layer, which underlies both extended continental crust and transitional basement. The 80-km-wide transitional basement is defined landwards by a basement high that may consist of serpentinized peridotite and seawards by a pair of basement highs of unknown crustal origin. Flat and unreflective transitional basement most likely is exhumed, serpentinized mantle, although our results do not exclude the possibility of anomalously thinned oceanic crust. A Moho reflection below interpreted oceanic crust is first observed landwards of magnetic anomaly M4, 230 km from the shelf break. Extrapolation of ages from chron M0 to the edge of interpreted oceanic crust suggests that the onset of seafloor spreading was ∼138 Ma (Valanginian) in the south (southern Newfoundland Basin) to ∼125 Ma (Barremian–Aptian boundary) in the north (Flemish Cap), comparable to those proposed for the conjugate margins.     

Gender and voluntary work in late adulthood in rural communities in the Netherlands

This article discusses the involvement of older women and men in voluntary work in rural communities in the Netherlands. Gender, ageing and civil society form the core concepts in the article. Politicians and policy makers in the Netherlands are worried about the perceived decline of civil society and about the consequences of this decline for specific categories of older women in terms of well-being and social exclusion. The paper presents the results of two surveys of involvement of older women and men in civic organisations, voluntary work and local actions. The surveys indicate high levels of involvement of both women and men. No gender differences are found in activity level. However, the data demonstrate the gendered nature of civil society. Women are more engaged in informal voluntary work and informal local actions, while men are more active in formal organisations and functions. This gender segmentation is not absolute, however. Many older women and men transgress the traditional feminine–masculine boundaries. The surveys highlight the involvement of women and men in rural communities, but indicate lower activity levels in urban areas.     

Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.     

库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气动力学模拟研究

应用黄金管—高压釜封闭体系热模拟实验与GC、GC-IRMS分析技术,结合KINETICS专用软件,对库车坳陷侏罗系煤成气进行了动力学模拟研究。库车坳陷侏罗系煤具有高的产气性,在高演化阶段主要产甲烷气;侏罗系煤热解气甲烷碳同位素为-36‰～-25‰,乙烷碳同位素为-28‰～-16‰;甲烷、C2-C5气态烃的生成活化能分别为(47～64k)calm/ol、(55～72k)calm/ol,频率因子各为5.265×1013s-1、5.388×1018s-1。在此基础上,进一步探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。研究认为,克拉2气田天然气属阶段捕获的煤成气,主要聚集了5～1Ma时期的天然气,其成熟度Ro分布范围为1.3%～2.5%。     

Ammonium regeneration in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze estuary during air-exposure

The influences of exposure to the atmosphere on ammonium cycle in the intertidal surface sediments were in situ studied with a geochemical approach at a typical station in the Yangtze Estuary during three tidal cycles in September 2003. During an about 8-h emersion period of each diurnal tide, six high-resolution vertical profiles of adsorbed and dissolved ammonium were measured. It was observed that both adsorbed and dissolved ammonium generally had an increasing trend in sediment cores during the exposure. The rate of ammonium regeneration in sediments was estimated using the accumulation amount of ammonium including adsorbed and soluble fractions during the daytime emersion. The calculation result showed that there was relatively high ammonification rate (˜500 nmol N cm⁻³ day⁻¹), which reflected that organic nitrogen in sediments was quickly decomposed with a residence time of ˜52.7 days. Due to the dramatic temperature difference observed in sediment profiles, free convection was considered an important mechanism of regulating the efflux of produced ammonium into overlying waters. The total estimated amount of regenerated ammonium was ˜1.35×10⁵ t N year⁻¹ in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary, which occupied 7.6% of the total inorganic nitrogen annually transported to the estuarine ecosystem.     

东准噶尔纸房地区晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组陆相火山-沉积体系特征

东准噶尔巴塔玛依内山组是典型陆相火山．沉积体系(盆地)，主体由基性及中酸性火山熔岩组成，火山碎屑岩及火山碎屑沉积岩较少，通过对纸房地区晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组陆相火山岩的岩石化学、地球化学特征进行系统研究，认为它属于造山期后固结初期，新陆壳裂谷向高原火山岩演化的同岩浆源、同沉积盆地、同火山作用的钙碱系列双峰式火山岩．     

内蒙乌拉山金矿床钾长石的矿物化学及有序度的分析

采用电子探针显微分析(EMPA)和粉末X射线衍射(XRD)分析了采自乌拉山金矿床含金钾长石石英脉、石英脉以及其他类型岩石中的10 0多个钾长石样品的化学成分和结果状态,并采用R和Q模式聚类分析、Spearman等级相关分析方法对实验数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,含金矿脉、岩浆热液脉和蚀变花岗岩中的钾长石为中等到最大微斜长石,其特征为K2 O含量高,但相对而言,Na2 O、CaO和BaO的含量低。其他岩石类型中的钾长石的化学成分和结果状态变化很大,可以从透长石、正长石到微斜长石,其特征为K2 O的含量相对较低,但Na2 O、CaO和BaO的含量相对较高。含金样品中的钾长石通常更富K2 O ,表明金的成矿作用与富钾的热液流体和碱质交代作用有关。乌拉山金矿床的成矿作用分为两个阶段,主要的含金钾长石石英脉中的钾长石富K2 O ,形成温度为30 7～379℃,平均为35 3℃;第二阶段含金石英脉中的钾长石含K2 O较低,形成温度为2 6 0～318℃,平均为2 81℃。这些结果表明成矿流体与岩浆热液作用有关,流体朝温度降低、K2 O含量降低的方向演化,K2 O含量高的热液流体和2 6 0～380℃的形成温度有利于金的成矿作用。     

藏北安多地区侏罗纪菊石动物群及其古地理意义

藏北安多地区新发现2套以黑色页岩、深灰色钙质泥岩和泥灰岩为主的舍菊石化石的侏罗纪地层，它们与羌塘地区广泛分布的雁石坪群无论在化石组合或沉积特征方面都明显不同．岗尼乡剖面地层中产太阳菊石科的菊石，主要有Sonninia，Dorsetensia，Witchellia等。、这套地层是双湖地区色哇组的东延部分，时代确定为中侏罗世早中巴柔期114道班剖面中羌姆勒曲组的菊石化石大多归属于Virgatosphinctinae科，计有Aulacosphinctes、Virgatosphinctes等，均为上侏罗统菊石化石的典型分子，产出层位应归于提塘阶中、上部。藏北安多-改则以北一线的侏罗系深水黑色岩系虽不十分连续，但从有化石证据的土阿辛阶到巴柔阶再到提塘阶都有零星出露，它们同属一个沉积相区。侏罗纪时羌塘南部可能存在一套大陆边缘型沉积地层，因此有必要对该区的构造属性和演化历史重新进行解释。     

卫星遥感探讨杭州湾跨湖桥古文化消失原因

 8000 a前产生于杭州湾南部的跨湖桥史前灿烂文化，在辉煌了1000多a后，却神秘地消失了。针对这种消失，考古界还没有发 现确凿的原因。本文从卫星遥感角度，分析跨湖桥所处的地理、地貌特征，提出了钱塘江天文大潮冲毁跨湖桥文化的假说，希望这种 观点能够对跨湖桥这个难以用常规考古方法解决的史前文化消失问题提供一种有益的研究方法和思路。