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101.
Although analysis of clast macrofabrics has been used to differentiate between different types of glacial diamictons and to determine palaeo‐ice flow directions, no account appears to have been made of preferred clast orientations inherited from the parental source material. Clast macrofabrics in tills are typically interpreted as having developed in response to an imposed subglacial deformation and as such provide a link between the sedimentary record and glacier dynamics. They rely on the assumption that any preferred clast orientation is a result of deformation/flow. The results of the micromorphological study of the Langholm Till exposed at North Corbelly near Dumfries (southwestern Scotland) clearly demonstrate that bedrock structure can influence clast orientation (macrofabric) within diamictons. In the lower part of the till, the orientation of elongate clasts preserves the geometry of the tectonic cleavage present within the underlying bedrock. The intensity of this steeply inclined, ‘inherited’ clast fabric decreases upward through the till, to be replaced by a more complex pattern of successive generations of clast microfabrics developed in response to deformation/flow. These results indicate potential limitations of applying clast macrofabric or microfabric analysis in isolation to establish till genesis or palaeo ice‐flow directions. Consequently, due account should be made of other glacial palaeo‐environmental and ice flow indicators, as well as rockhead depth and morphology in relation to the selection of fabric measurements sites. © British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
103.
The unit cell parameters, extracted from Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data collected between 4.2 K and
320 K, have been used to calculate the temperature evolution of the thermal expansion tensor for gypsum for 50 ≤ T ≤ 320 K. At 300 K the magnitudes of the principal axes are α
11
= 1.2(6) × 10−6 K−1, α
22
= 36.82(1) × 10−6 K−1 and α
33
= 25.1(5) × 10−6 K−1. The maximum axis, α
22
, is parallel to b, and using Institution of Radio Engineers (IRE) convention for the tensor orthonormal basis, the axes α
11
and α
33
have directions equal to (−0.979, 0, 0.201) and (0.201, 0, 0.979) respectively. The orientation and temperature dependent
behaviour of the thermal expansion tensor is related to the crystal structure in the I2/a setting.
Received 12 February 1998 / Revised, accepted 19 October 1998 相似文献
104.
基于GPD分布的黑河流域极端降水频率特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)对黑河流域极端降水的频率特征进行了分析。采用百分位数法、Hill图法、年交叉率法选取了极端降水阈值,借助L矩法对GPD分布的参数进行了估计;采用Mann-Kendall和Pettitt方法对超阈值日极端降水序列的平稳性进行了检验。结果表明:① 采用百分位数法和Hill图法得到的日极端降水阈值差别很大,在综合考虑以上两种方法的基础上,结合年交叉率法,最终确定了流域各站点日极端降水的阈值;② 根据Mann-Kendall和Pettitt方法,超阈值日极端降水序列基本满足平稳性假定;通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验以及理论频率曲线和经验频率曲线的拟合程度可以看出,GPD分布能够很好地拟合研究区极端降水的分布特征;③ 通过分析理论累积频率达到90%以上的极端降水可以发现,黑河流域20世纪60年代发生极端降水的次数最多,其次是90年代以后,70年代、80年代发生极端降水次数较少;在过去51年间,下游发生极端降水的次数最多,其次是中游和上游。 相似文献
105.
106.
Spectral analysis is applied to geochemical data from a deep-water Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) section across PTB in Dongpan, Guangxi for high-resolution cyclostratigraphic research. The characteristics of the Milankovitch Cycles have been well recorded in the strata of the Dongpan section. Spectrum on Ce/La records shows especially that the ratios among its three preponderant cycles in the section are 5:2:1, which well displays the phenomenon of the sedimentary cycles driven by orbital force. The Milankovitch theory is further confirmed by the Paleozoic records. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Monitoring lava dome instabilities is crucial to efficiently monitor active dome building volcanoes. The Doppler radar technique provides a unique opportunity to gather information about the number of instability events occurring at the growing dome and about the dynamic processes that take place during different types of instabilities. So far, three different kinds of processes have been identified: sliding material, gravitational break-offs and explosive outbursts. In addition, Doppler radars provide rain measurements, which can be used to investigate possible correlations between rainfall and dome activity. Two radar systems have been installed at Merapi volcano in October 2001 and January 2005 to continuously monitor dome instabilities. Due to the large number of instability events that occur during times of high activity, manual processing and analysis of instability events is not practical for monitoring purposes. Therefore, an automatic classification system has been developed, which is capable of identifying different kinds of instabilities as well as rainfall. Two different kinds of classifier models have been applied: (1) neural network and (2) K-nearest-neighbour classifier model. Both classify Doppler spectra according to the underlying dynamic process, that is, rain, sliding material, gravitational break-off or explosive outburst. The classifiers are able to identify disturbances, which have no physical source, but are merely artefacts from the radar device itself. Because radar events are sequences of Doppler spectra, a rule set has been defined, which finally determines the event class. All classifiers have been trained and tested on independent data sets to estimate the classification performance. The overall classification rate is about 90 per cent. Discrimination of instabilities and non-volcanic events reaches about 98 per cent accuracy. 相似文献
110.