微动信号的数据处理与岩土频谱特性分析

频谱是微动信号的一个重要动力学参数,微动信号的频谱特性与场地覆盖层厚度和地基土刚度的变化密切相关,既可反映岩土层的类型特征,又能反映工程场地的动力特性。详细探讨了目前较为常用的利用微动信号进行场地动力特性分析的方法,并对这些方法进行了研究和比较。简要介绍了功率谱估计方法,同时,通过实例分析了微动信号的变化规律和场地微动信号的频率响应特性。     

Filtration and Clogging Behavior of Geotextiles with Roorkee Soils

Geotextile filters are rapidly replacing graded granular filters as the standard of practice in geotechnical design. The objective of the present study is to predict the behavior of the geotextile filter for the locally (Roorkee—India) available soils using three different geotextiles (two nonwoven and one woven). Nonwoven geotextiles are commonly used in filtration applications. This paper evaluates the long-term performance of two needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles and one woven geotextile. Filtration tests on soil–geotextile filter systems were conducted in the laboratory in order to evaluate the filtration and clogging behavior. Laboratory test program, include evaluation of performance of two different nonwoven and one woven geotextile filters in combination with locally available Solani River Sand and Clayey Soil. The paper describes the concept and details of the Fine Fraction Filtration (F³) test and presents data on three different geotextiles, which were evaluated using three different soil types. It is deduced that in all filtration applications, the non-woven geotextile would perform better than the woven geotextile.     

冻土中几类力学试验方法的探讨

获取寒区工程设计中冻土的物理力学指标及冻土本构模型中的模型参数都离不开冻土的力学试验.随着对冻土力学性质研究的深入,需要考察更多加载路径下冻土的力学行为,这也是检验已有冻土本构模型的有效途径.因此,精确的冻土力学试验是认识冻土力学性质的基本手段.为进一步考察冻土的力学性质,提高冻土力学试验的精度,应用MTS-810低温...     

孤北21三维目标处理实例

结合地质目标及处理要求,对孤北21井区三维资料进行了分析。对不同处理目标采取了相应的处理措施,取得了较好的处理效果。     

瞬变电磁测深法的研究深度

研究发现,瞬变测深法研究深度除了与采样时间(采样间隔,起始和终止采样时间等)有关外,还与信号源强度、大地电导率、系统噪音水平以及仪器观测精度等因素有关,文中对研究深度与这些量之间的关系作了数学描述。     

航磁ΔT解析信号确定线性构造隐伏形态的算法及阿尔金的应用

本文研究了模拟线性地质构造具有普遍意义的有限延深薄板状体ΔＴ的解析信号强度与其几何参数之间的超定方程关系,运用奇异值分解和广义逆技术求解超定方程,获得了高精度的理论反演方法,同时给出了定性解释板状体产状的辅助方法。对阿尔金地区隐伏断裂形态的反演结果,为西藏地体的“北推东移”提供了定量化的地球物理解释证据。文章还勾画了阿尔金与塔里木的深部界线。     

陆域冻土区地震探测信号提取技术——以青海哈拉湖地区为例

青海哈拉湖地区的陆域冻土区天然气水合物,其埋藏深度较浅,地震有效信号往往被干扰波淹没,如何从复杂的地震波场里有效提取出与地层、水合物有关的地震反射信号是开展地震资料精细解释和天然气水合物预测工作的前提.为此,详细分析青海哈拉湖地区地震探测原始数据,总结该地区干扰噪声的类型及特点,制定地震信号提取流程,并在叠前道集上逐步采用有针对性的噪声衰减、振幅补偿、反褶积以及叠加等处理技术,压制各类干扰信息,最大程度地保留有效反射信号,提高地震资料的分辨率、信噪比和保真度,更好地为地震资料解释和有利储层预测服务.     

Electromagnetic signals associated with stick–slip of quartz-free rocks

We recorded clear transients in the electric and magnetic fields upon sudden slip in stick–slip experiments on dry, cylindrically shaped, quartz-free rock specimens of basalt and peridotite with a 30° saw-cut (representing a fault) at confining pressures of up to 120 MPa. The amplitudes of the measured electric field signals were always higher at the electrode pair oriented parallel to the strike of the fault than at the pair oriented perpendicular. This anisotropy suggests a preferred electric polarization normal to the slip surface. The transients in the electric and magnetic fields were observed only when the fault slip occurred by stick–slip mode, not by a stable mode of the sliding, and the amplitudes of the electric field signals increased with increasing stress drop. It is suggested that the generation process of the electromagnetic signals is closely related to the characteristic behavior of the fault at the time of the initiation of slip during stick–slip events, probably with respect to the intensity of the signals. We propose that one or both of the following two processes characteristic of the fault at the time of the initiation of slip during stick–slip events are essential for the generation of detectable electromagnetic signals: rapid slip along the simulated fault and separation of the rock masses across the fault.     

主成分分析在航空瞬变电磁去噪中的应用

由于航空瞬变电磁二次场数据是一种宽频带信号且幅度较小,因此常常受到随机噪声、天电噪声以及人文噪声的影响。研究针对上述噪声的去噪方法,可以提高处理和解释的精度。这里给出了基于主成分分析的航空瞬变电磁去噪方法,首先应用主成分分析方法对叠加抽道后的单测点衰减曲线进行分解,然后应用曲线趋势对比法和L曲线法对分解后的成分进行分析,确定出有效信号成分,最后使用这些有效信号成分进行重构,从而达到抑制噪声的目的。模拟信号分析以及实测数据的实验结果表明,应用主成分分析法处理航空瞬变电磁数据,在保持反映地下介质分布的有效信号幅度基本不变的条件下,能有效抑制天电噪声和人文噪声,为保幅处理和解释奠定了良好的基础。     

海河流域严重干旱500hPa信号场异常信号分析

基于严重少雨旬的定义,分析海河流域1961～2009年严重少雨旬的分布特征,进而对汛期40个典型严重少雨旬的500hPa信号场进行经验正交分解(EOF分析).结果表明:EOF第一模态的方差贡献率达到35.3％,远高于其他模态;第一模态呈现出2个负异常区和1个正异常区,在对应的环流背景下,海河流域受暖性高压控制,高纬冷空气及低纬暖湿气流难以到达流域上空交绥,持续高温少雨造成流域严重干旱.