浅析油气管道短距离水平定向钻穿越技术的应用

油气管道穿越短距离障碍时,一般穿越技术存在工程投资高、协调难度大、环境破坏严重、施工周期长、施工风险高等问题,因此探索一种技术上可行、经济上合理和方便实施的新的（或改善的）施工方式具有较好的经济和社会效益。短距离水平定向钻穿越是通过改善规范要求的技术参数以及施工措施以达到可实施目的的一种施工方式。改善后的施工方式应用灵活、技术措施安全可行,且能缩短工期、节省工程投资。     

An emission intensity protocol for climate change: an application of FUND

Abstract

An emission intensity protocol to govern long-term international greenhouse gas emission reduction is proposed. The protocol may also be interpreted as a technology protocol. The protocol consists of three parameters: a graduation income, below which countries have no emission reduction obligations; a convergence rate, at which emission intensities should approach that of the most carbon-extensive countries; and an acceleration rate, at which the most carbon-extensive countries should improve their technology over and above the business-asusual scenario. Depending on the parameter values, emission reduction ranges from draconian to almost nil. The graduation income and acceleration rate have the expected effects. The effect of the convergence rate is strongly scenario-dependent; some scenarios, perhaps unrealistically, assume strong technological convergence in the nopolicy case; in other scenarios, adopting ‘best commercial technology in the whole world’ would lead to substantial emission reduction. Not surprisingly, different regions prefer different parameters in the emission intensity protocol. Adopting the opinion of the median voter, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide in the year 2200 would be reduced from 1650 to 950 ppm. This reduction is relatively robust to changes in crucial model parameters. The costs of complying with the emission intensity protocol can be reduced substantially through international trade in emission permits and, in particular, by banking and borrowing.     

基于数字地图制图技术的地图色彩语言艺术化方法

艺术性是评价地图质量的重要标准。数字制图技术为提高地图艺术性创造了十分有利的条件,但是如果不能充分合理地利用这种良好的技术条件,仍然不能编制出具有较高艺术性的地图。首先阐述了地图色彩语言艺术化的目标及对技术条件的要求;然后从审美化、形象化、情感化、技巧化四个艺术化的目标论述了利用数字制图技术提高地图色彩语言艺术性的方法。     

非开挖地下管线修复与更换技术在中国的应用前景

改革开放以来,我国大部分城市抓住发展契机都在搞建设,但计划赶不上变化快,地下管道在建设过程中缺乏长远考虑,遗留了诸多问题。当前,部分管道老龄化,破损严重,急需修复与更换。我们国家多采用明挖法进行施工,而国际上很多国家则运用非开挖地下管线修复与更换技术,与明挖法相比有保护环境,不影响交通,施．Y-隐蔽,社会效益高,技术先进等优点。这项技术在我国还处于初级阶段。技术经验不足,大多需要借用国外的设备。由于我国大城市管道陈旧和道路交通拥堵现象日趋严重,发展该技术迫在眉睫。国际上常用的修复技术有内衬插入法,模压内衬法,折叠内衬法,螺旋缠绕法等。这些方法各有优点,而“刮痧法”和“穿衣法”能兼并其中几种方法的优点。在我们国内市场,运用以上方法成功的案例也有,但并未得到推广。非开挖地下管线修复与更换技术出了应用于市政工程外,还可用于石油管线工程,地质工程等,在国内有巨大市场前景。     

基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编体系研究与实践

各种比例尺地形图担负着不同的社会、经济职能,多尺度地形图生产和建库,是基础地理信息系统建设的重要内容,也是信息库建设的重点和难点。以往获得较小比例尺地形图成果,一是按照尺度划分规则分别测绘,二是采用制图综合软件逐级梯度缩编,无论哪种方法都存在着效率低、时间长、更新困难、质量因人而异的缺陷。研究采用新的技术方法,基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编,借助空间信息数据库的整体性、适应性、拓展性、算法先进性和超强分析能力,运用空间信息拓扑关系,建立基本比例尺图形数据库,在信息数据库中智能化完成梯级比例尺缩编、跨比例尺缩编及任意比例尺缩编,自动建立相应比例尺图形数据库,同时保障多尺度图形数据库及时更新和维护,克服传统方法测制与缩编各级比例尺地形图的弊端,保障系列比例尺地形图与基本比例尺图形数据库的一致性、实时性,满足各层次、各行业用图需求,方便快速建立城市DSM地表模型和空间真三维地理模型。该方法具有成本低、速度快、精度高、通用性强、按需供图的特点和优势。湘潭市数字城市工程实践证明:基于基础信息源数据进行地形图智能化缩编的体系、架构、理论和方法是可行的,且具有广泛的社会推广应用价值。     

新疆地震应急指挥技术系统介绍

简要介绍了新疆地震应急指挥技术系统建设过程、系统功能、建设中的技术难点、系统的软硬件环境和运行情况.     

遥感技术在西藏砂金资源潜力评价中的应用

西藏自治区砂金开采历史悠久,已查明的砂金矿点数量众多、分布广泛,砂金矿资源丰富,但是大部分区域地质工作程度较低。遥感技术为短期内有效地开展砂金的资源潜力评价工作起到了重要作用。以崩纳藏布砂金预测工作区为例,介绍了遥感技术在西藏砂金矿成矿预测中的工作内容、方法和成果。     

Hydrogeochemical and multi-tracer investigations of arsenic-affected aquifers in semi-arid West Africa

The semi-arid Sahel regions of West Africa rely heavily on groundwater from shallow to moderately deep(100 m b.g.l.)crystalline bedrock aquifers for drinking water production.Groundwater quality may be affected by high geogenic arsenic(As)concentrations(10μg/L)stemming from the oxidation of sulphide minerals(pyrite,arsenopyrite)in mineralised zones.These aquifers are still little investigated,especially concerning groundwater residence times and the influence of the annual monsoon season on groundwater chemistry.To gain insights on the temporal aspects of As contamination,we have used isotope tracers(noble gases,~3H,stable water isotopes(~2 H,~(18)O))and performed hydrochemical analyses on groundwater abstracted from tube wells and dug wells in a small study area in southwestern Burkina Faso.Results revealed a great variability in groundwater properties(e.g.redox conditions,As concentrations,water level,residence time)over spatial scales of only a few hundred metres,characteristic of the highly heterogeneous fractured underground.Elevated As levels are found in oxic groundwater of circum-neutral pH and show little relation with any of the measured parameters.Arsenic concentrations are relatively stable over the course of the year,with little effect seen by the monsoon.Groundwater residence time does not seem to have an influence on As concentrations,as elevated As can be found both in groundwater with short(50 a)and long(10~3 a)residence times as indicated by ~3He/~4He ratios spanning three orders of magnitude.These results support the hypothesis that the proximity to mineralised zones is the most crucial factor controlling As concentrations in the observed redox/pH conditions.The existence of very old water portions with residence times10~3 years already at depths of50 m b.g.l.is a new finding for the shallow fractured bedrock aquifers of Burkina Faso,suggesting that overexploitation of these relatively low-yielding aquifers may be an issue in the future.     

“第三届中国科学技术协会优秀科技论文”评选揭晓

正为深入贯彻落实党的"十九大"精神,服务创新型国家建设,和习近平总书记关于"把论文写在祖国大地上"号召,引导更多高水平科研成果在我国科技期刊首发,提高我国科技期刊汇聚科学发现、引领学科发展、培育顶尖人才的能力,中国科协组织开展了第三届全国优秀科技论文遴选活动,2018年共有95篇论文入选。中国现有5000多种科技期刊,中国科协将其划分为数理化与交叉学科集群、地球科学集群、预防与中医药集群、临     

一种大规模倾斜摄影模型三维可视化方案

提出了一种基于四叉树结构的大规模倾斜摄影模型三维可视化方案：首先采用二次误差测度（QEM）的半边折叠算法对三角网格模型进行分层几何简化;然后对分层简化的模型进行纹理映射和分块,分块结果采用Morton编码命名;最后将场景按金字塔结构进行LOD（多细节层次结构）组织。选取某一试验区域的真实倾斜模型数据进行了试验,结果表明,该方案能依据模型在计算机屏幕上所占的像素大小,动态加载倾斜模型数据,完成大规模场景的实时可视化。