水产加工技术发展现状及展望

综述了水产品加工技术研究及其应用现状和展望，并对海洋水产资源的开发利用现状和前景作了论述，许多先进技术，如微波技术，辐照杀菌技术，超高压杀菌技术等，在水产品加工业中应用前景广阔，对海洋低值鱼类资源，水产加工废弃物，以及尚未利用的海洋生物资源的开发利用已引起重视，海洋生物技术在开发海洋食用生物资源方面具有重要意义，现代高新技术的应用将成为２１世纪水产加工业发展趋势。     

基于GNSS浮标的海岛礁稀少控制DOM生产技术

针对远海岛礁多为不可登岛,开展远海岛礁大比例尺测图难度大的问题,该文提出了利用GNSS浮标作为海上控制点,探讨GNSS浮标在海岛礁1∶2 000DOM生产中发挥的作用。采用长航时无人机获取试验岛礁高分辨率影像,在无人机常规航线并加摄构架航线的前提下,结合PPP技术,在海岛四周布设GNSS浮标的控制组合方式进行区域网平差和影像生产。试验结果表明,利用此种方法进行远海岛礁大比例尺DOM生产是切实可行的,精度基本满足海岛1∶2 000DOM生产精度要求,研究成果为远海岛礁1∶2 000DOM生产提供了一套合理的解决方案,为远海岛礁大比例尺测图提供参考。     

Forty‐Nine Major and Trace Element Concentrations Measured in Soil Reference Materials NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a Using ICP‐MS and Wavelength Dispersive‐XRF

Excellent agreement was noted in the concentration of major and trace elements in five NIST (National Institute for Science and Technology) soil reference materials (NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a) between measurement results from wavelength dispersive‐XRF and ICP‐MS from two independent laboratories, and NIST certificate of analysis and literature data. We describe the variability in concentrations of up to forty‐nine elements (plus loss on ignition) and provide values for up to twenty‐one elements previously uncharacterised by NIST in these soil RMs. The additional characterisation provided in this investigation can be utilised to reduce the measurement bias of custom calibration routines and improve the quality of control checks developed using these NIST RMs.     

Understanding the latest progress in mitigating climate change and facilitating carbon neutrality北大核心CSCD

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report of Working Group III of the Sixth Assessment Report "climate change 2022: mitigating climate change". The report accessed and summarized the latest research progress on climate change mitigation since the release of the Fifth Assessment Report, which will provide an important reference for the international community to further understand climate change mitigation actions, system transformation, and the pursuit of sustainable development. The report pointed out that human activities had cumulatively emitted about 2.4 trillion tons of CO2 from 1850 to 2019, of which 58% was emitted before 1990. In order to control the level of global temperature rise in the future, deep and immediate mitigation actions are required. In both low and minimum emission scenarios, fossil energy needs to be greatly reduced; renewable energy will be the mainstay of future energy supply; achieving carbon neutrality requires relying on negative emission technologies and increasing carbon sinks. Technological progress is one of the key conditions for helping the world combat climate change. Accelerated and equitable climate action is critical to sustainable development. The report's conclusions once again show that China's carbon neutrality target is in line with the mitigation path of the Paris Agreement's temperature rise target of less than 2 °C and striving to achieve 1.5°C. In the future, China should strengthen special research programs on the national concerns and key contents covered in the report. While strengthening scientific interpretation and effective use of the report's conclusions, it is also necessary to actively participate in the IPCC scientific assessment process, actively contribute Chinese wisdom, and contribute to the international dissemination of Chinese climate governance concepts. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.     

China’s pathway to carbon neutrality for the iron and steel industry

As a hard-to-abate sector, the iron and steel industry is responsible for 22% of China’s total carbon emissions and therefore plays a crucial role in achieving China’s carbon peaking and neutrality target. Nearly 90% of China’s iron and steel output is produced with coal-based blast furnaces, which results in high carbon emission intensity. To peak China’s carbon emissions and achieve the carbon neutrality target, it is essential to accelerate the application of breakthrough technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen-based steel-making. This paper estimates the future CO₂ emissions from China’s iron and steel industry in pathways that consider the influence of different technology portfolios, technology maturity, decarbonization of power systems, and future steel production output. The results show that using currently available technology, China’s iron and steel industry can reduce CO₂ emissions by more than 50%. However, it cannot achieve the neutrality target without using innovative technologies. By combining conventional strategies with net-zero emission technologies such as CCS and hydrogen metallurgy, approximately 80–90% emission reduction can be achieved, thus leading to a carbon neutrality pathway, which can meet the 1.5°C targets of the carbon budget limit either. In the future, carbon emissions' reduction potential will be influenced by the decarbonization of power systems and the diffusion rate of innovative technologies. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is essential to act sooner and faster.     

Mapping public appraisals of carbon dioxide removal

Efforts to deliver on net zero emissions targets are set to rely on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods. Democratic, trustworthy and socially intelligent research, development, demonstration and deployment of CDR methods in aid of net zero will be highly dependent on how different publics evaluate them, and ultimately which groups support or oppose them. This paper develops a novel, nationally representative method for the multi-criteria appraisal of five policy relevant CDR methods – plus an option not to pursue CDR at all – by members of the British public (n = 2,111). The results show that the public supports the inclusion of CDR in UK climate policy. CDR methods often characterised as ‘natural’ or ‘nature-based’ are appraised more highly than ‘technological’ ones, in the descending order: habitat restoration, afforestation, wood in construction, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, and direct air carbon capture and storage. Yet, there is no significant disagreement in the appraisal of technological methods and they therefore may be less polarizing, suggesting that popular preconceptions of what is natural – and therefore more attractive – may be holding them back. CDR methods being mainly developed by public sector and non-governmental organisations are also appraised more highly than those being developed by private interests. Regional differences in option appraisal reveal where particular CDR methods are more or less likely to be supported or opposed; stressing the importance of matching physical requirements for CDR with appropriate social contexts. Demographic and socio-economic analyses show that people who appraise CDR methods most highly tend to be older respondents, male, or of a higher social grade. Finally, those with hierarchical worldviews and who voted ‘leave’ in the UK’s referendum on EU membership are less supportive of CDR than those with egalitarian worldviews and who voted ‘remain’.     

Hype among low-carbon technologies: Carbon capture and storage in comparison

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has become a crucial part of climate change mitigation strategies around the world; yet its progress has been slow. Some have criticised CCS as a distracting hype, even as mainstream support continues. This article adapts the literature on technological hypes to develop a framework suitable for technologies with limited media/public exposure, such as CCS. It provides a qualitative context and analyses seven quantitative indicators of hype that are largely internal to the CCS technology regime. Throughout, the article contrasts results for CCS with those of comparable technologies. The main findings, which support the view that CCS has been hyped, are as follows. “Expectations” mounted rapidly in the form of project announcements for electricity applications of CCS and deployment forecasts in influential reports. However, announcements soon plummeted. “Commitments” remained high, nonetheless, judging by allocations in public budgets and number of peer-reviewed publications. Meanwhile, “outcomes”—in terms of patents, prototypes and estimated costs—reveal few if any improvements for CCS. Considering these findings and the characteristics of CCS, its development is likely to be more difficult than initially expected. Accordingly, this article calls for decisively prioritising CCS for industrial and, potentially, bioenergy uses. Coal- and gas-fired power plants may be replaced by non-CCS technologies, so power CCS development is far less pressing.     

加强合作共同发展信息时代的江西气象科学技术--在纪念"3·23"世界气象日专题报告会上的主旨报告

对2004年世界气象日主题的时代特征和现实意义进行了详尽的阐述,深刻地指出气象是一个高科技行业,它属于信息产业,气象部门是生产和提供信息的重要部门;论述了气象部门和信息部门的合作有着广阔的发展前景,并就加强合作,共同发展信息时代的江西气象科学技术提出了具体的想法和思路.     

三维扫描仪协同GNSS-RTK在复杂地形测量中的应用研究

建设工程进行过程中施工现场地形复杂且呈现动态变化,施工过程中工程实体形度和施工操作对周围环境造成的影响都需要进行监控测量,建设工程施工测量是复杂地形测量的代表。本文讨论复杂地形监控测量过程中利用三维激光扫描测量的快速获取数据,获取到的据利用专业的处理软件处理后获得监控测量物体的立体成像结果,再利用全球导航卫星系统实时动态载波相位差分技术(GNSS-RTK)辅助测量监控点的空间坐标变化以及高程差。两者协同应用可以既快速又准确的进行复杂地形的监控测量。     

India at crossroads for energy

As one of the fastest growing economies and further larger consumer of energy in the world,there has been a paradigm shift in India's energy demand.Here we evaluate the growth of Indian economy its,diversification of agriculture-based economy to industrial production,service and digital-technology based economy and deepening of income sources,although the dependence on foreign sources for energy demands has not markedly improved.This situation has placed India at the crossroads for energy sufficiency,especially under the highly fluid and changing geopolitical,strategic,environmental and economic scenarios of the World order.We attempt to un-derstand the issue from geological perspective and address some of the impediments.