区域GNSS网的整数卫星钟差解算

基于双差模糊度的整数性质,从理论上证明,通过固定基准模糊度可以使整网的星间单差模糊度都恢复整数性质,实现星间单差模糊度固定,从而得到整数卫星钟差。提出模糊度连续弧段的概念,改进基准模糊度选取方法。实验表明,对于1 d弧长的区域观测网数据,与旧方法相比,新方法获得的基准模糊度的数量增加近1倍;基准模糊度固定之后,窄巷模糊度成功固定的比例从60%左右提高到90%左右。将得到的整数卫星钟差用于30 min弧长的快速静态PPP,实现固定解的比例为96.00%。模糊度固定之后,PPP定位N、E、U方向的RMS分别达到7.3 mm、9.8 mm、23.3 mm。     

基于探地雷达信号处理的小波基选取研究

针对探地雷达信号处理和分析时小波基选取存在的问题,本文在分析探地雷达信号特点的基础上,首先从理论上讨论小波基的选取准则,然后再从实验角度进行对比、判别,认为在进行小波分解和重构时应该分别选择不同的小波基函数进行处理,这样可以保证重构信号的精确度,增强对信号的处理能力,从而也突破了以往分解与重构时都采用同一个小波基进行处理的做法.最后通过实际资料的处理,指出bior2.6小波基在进行雷达信号处理时效果最佳,不仅去噪彻底,而且能够保留有效信号的高频部分,提高信号的分辨率和信噪比,为后续解释工作打好了基础.     

小波变换压制噪声在单道地震资料处理中的应用

海洋区域地质调查中,单道地震勘探以其高分辨率、方便快捷等优点成为揭示浅地层地质构造的重要手段之一.结合前人研究成果并出于保护信号的完整性,对低频部分的噪声采用带通滤波进行滤除,而对高频信号中的随机噪声采用小波阈值去噪方法进行压制处理.在小波阈值去噪过程中,通过比较选用最佳小波基函数sym5对地震剖面进行三层小波分解.结果表明:两种阈值去噪方法在带通滤波的基础上进一步提升了剖面的质量,使得反射层面变得连续可追踪.软阈值去噪滤掉了剖面上的较多信息,去噪效果较为彻底,硬阈值去噪则保留了较多的细节信息.     

Energy balance and evaporation loss of an agricultural reservoir in a semi‐arid climate (south‐eastern Spain)

A typical agricultural water reservoir (AWR) of 2400 m² area and 5 m depth, located in a semi‐arid area (southern Spain), was surveyed on a daily basis for 1 year. The annual evaporation flux was 102·7 W m^?2, equivalent to an evaporated water depth of 1310 mm year^?1. The heat storage rate G exhibited a clear annual cycle with a peak gain in April (G ～ 45 W m^?2) and a peak loss in November (G ～ 40 W m^?2), leading to a marked annual hysteretic trend when evaporation (λE) was related to net radiation (R_n). λE was strongly correlated with the available energy A, representing 91% of the annual AWR energy loss. The sensible heat flux H accounted for the remaining 9%, leading to an annual Bowen ratio in the order of 0·10. The equilibrium and advective evaporation terms of the Penman formula represented 76 and 24%, respectively, of the total evaporation, corresponding to a annual value of the Priestley–Taylor (P–T) coefficient (α) of 1·32. The P–T coefficient presented a clear seasonal pattern, with a minimum of 1·23 (July) and a maximum of 1·65 (December), indicating that, during periods of limited available energy, AWR evaporation increased above the potential evaporation as a result of the advection process. Overall, the results stressed that accurate prediction of monthly evaporation by means of the P–T formula requires accounting for both the annual cycle of storage and the advective component. Some alternative approaches to estimating R_n, G and α are proposed and discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SOM-RBF神经网络模型在地下水位预测中的应用

利用自组织映射(SOM)聚类模型优化径向基函数神经网络(RBFN)隐层节点的方法,减小了RBFN由于自身结构问题在地下水水位预测中产生的误差。采用SOM对已有样本进行聚类,利用聚类后的二维分布图确定隐层节点的数目,并根据聚类结果计算径向基函数的宽度,确定径向基函数的中心,由此建立SOM-RBFN模型。以吉林市丰满区二道乡为例,采用2000—2009年观测的地下水位动态资料,利用SOM-RBFN模型对地下水位进行预测,验证其准确性,并分别以5、7、10a的地下水位动态数据为研究样本建立模型,考查样本数量对预测结果的影响。研究结果表明:SOM-RBFN模型预测地下水水位过程中,均方根误差(RMSE)的均值为0.43,有效系数(CE)的均值为0.52,均达到较高标准,因此SOM-RBFN模型可以作为有效而准确的地下水水位预测方法;同时RBF7的RMSE和CE均值分别为0.38和0.68,结果优于RBF5和RBF10,这就意味着在模型计算中样本数量不会直接影响预测结果的精度。     

A New Type of Neural Network For Reservoir Identification Using Geophysical Well Logs

We have developed a neural network algorithm of radial basis network (RBN) type for geoscience applications. This new probabilistic neural network (PNN), referred to as “gravity-capturing neural network,” employs multidimensional even distance and introduces the resultant force competition mechanism for the output layer. When used for geological pattern recognition with well-logging data, it avoids misjudgment due to a magnitude jump of a single parameter and can extract complex and hidden formulas from laboratory and field measurements more efficiently. A field case study of reservoir identification with geophysical well logs is presented to demonstrate the advantages of this neural network over the conventional PNN in such classification applications.     

天然水化学组分存在形式的研究理论基础及其应用进展

天然水化学组分存在形式是多种多样的,而在实际的化学分析中,仅给出某化学组分存在形式含量之和,不考虑元素的存在形式,不足以判断天然水组成的控制机理。论述了天然水化学组分存在形式计算的理论基础和方法,并进一步讨论了天然水化学组分存在形式的重要性及其应用进展,指出了这一领域当前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Wave-induced seabed response analysis by radial point interpolation meshless method

Wave-induced transient response of seabeds is numerically analyzed through a radial point interpolation meshless method (radial PIM). The Biot’s consolidation theory is employed and incorporated with virtual boundary conditions to describe this wave-induced transient response of the seabed. Displacement and pore water pressure are spatially discretized by the radial PIM with the same shape function. Compactly supported basis functions are proposed to obtain a banded system equation. Because the radial PIM passes through all nodal points within an influence domain, essential boundary conditions as well as virtual boundary conditions can be easily implemented at local level. Fully implicit integration scheme is used in time domain to avoid spurious ripple effect. The proposed algorithm is assessed through the comparison of numerical results with closed-form solution or finite element solutions.     

用无味变换法求解交会测量及其协方差传播

在交会测量中,交会角的测量误差会使得定位结果具有不确定性,定位坐标的均值和协方差用于表示定位结果及其不确定度。首先对基于一阶Taylor级数展开的前方交会测量及其协方差传播进行研究,分析发现该方法仅具有一阶精度,特别是在测量误差较大的场合,该方法精度较低。然后将无味变换方法用于前方交会测量定位问题,使定位精度、协方差传播精度均提高到二阶以上。最后通过数值仿真验证了无味变换方法在定位精度以及协方差传播精度方面的优势。     

海岛核电厂址的设计基准洪水位研究

随着滨海核电厂址的开发利用日趋饱和,选取海岛作为核电厂址成为一种新思路。针对海岛厂址易受台风灾害影响的问题,本文通过对天文高潮位、海平面上升、可能最大风暴潮增水和最大台风浪四个增水因子的研究来确定厂址的设计基准洪水位。结果表明:该区域10%超越概率的天文高潮位为3.14 m,未来80 a海平面上升幅度为0.31 m。基于MIKE21数值模型,以可能最大热带气旋参数为基础构建了多种假想台风路径,发现:当台风移动方向为NW向,距离厂址中心左侧0.5R(R为台风最大风速半径)时,风暴潮增水达到最大,增水最大值为2.99 m;当台风移动方向为W向,且距离厂址左侧R处时,台风浪波高达到最大,厂址前沿H_1/100波高最大值达到了8.02 m;岛屿东侧遭受的风暴潮和波浪威胁较其他方向更为严重。各水位影响因子组合叠加后海岛核电厂址设计基准洪水位可达11.25 m。相对于其他滨海厂址,海岛厂址的风暴潮增水相对偏小,但受波浪的影响更为显著。