冻土隧道冻胀力室内模型试验研究

详细地介绍了曲墙式、直墙式和圆形断面隧道衬砌在约束条件、隔热保温层及含水状况等因素变化情况下的相似材料冻胀力室内模型试验,通过分析试验得出不同衬砌断面在各种因素影响下衬砌和围岩间冻胀压力的量值和分布特征,以及由冻胀压力引起的结构内力分布特征。研究表明,直墙式断面受冰胀力最大,曲墙式次之,圆形面最小;曲墙式、直墙式断面冻胀力均呈分布荷载形态,前者拱脚及仰拱脚处冻胀力最大,后者边墙、底板处冻胀力最大。     

柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代盆地性质及构造演化

运用沉降史和平衡剖面技术分别对柴北缘中、新生代盆地垂向上的升降史和水平方向上的伸缩史进行定量研究,并结合区域地质背景对研究结果进行分析。结果表明:自中生代以来,柴北缘的构造演化可分为中生代（J-K）演化阶段和新生代（E₁₊₂以来）演化阶段。中生代演化阶段（J₁-J₂）,沉降史曲线具有伸展盆地特征,平衡剖面恢复结果也以伸展为主,最大伸展率和伸展速率分别达1.9%和19.48 m/(Ma·km)。这是受柴北缘周缘地块和柴达木地块运移差异引起的拉张应力场控制,因而具有伸展盆地性质。此外,由于柴达木地块的自身旋转,3个坳陷的沉降速率、伸缩率和伸缩速率也存在差异。新生代演化阶段（E₁₊₂以来）,沉降史曲线具有前陆盆地特征,平衡剖面恢复结果也以压缩型为主,最大压缩率和压缩速率分别为4.96%和14.09 m/(Ma·km),这是受印度板块和亚欧板块相互碰撞所引起的挤压应力场控制,因而具有前陆盆地性质。此外,受喜山运动各期的影响,各坳陷沉降速率和伸缩率均具有“幕式”渐进特点。     

Discontinuity controlled probabilistic slope failure risk maps of the Altindag (settlement) region in Turkey

The evaluation of potential rock slope problems using stereographic projection techniques known as kinematic analysis is one of the most important parts of a slope stability investigation to be carried out in jointed rock media. In conventional stereoprojection techniques for the assessment of possible rock slope failures, the peak orientations of joints together with the slope geometry and the friction angle of the weakness planes are used. Other possible joint orientations which may be encountered in the rock media are ignored, although they belong to the group of joint peak orientations. In this study, nearly vertical jointed andesites cropped out at the Altindag settlement region in Ankara were studied in order to evaluate the relevance of this ignored discontinuity orientation data on slope stability. As a result, probabilistic risk maps for planar, toppling and wedge failures were produced using the kinematic rules and digital elevation model of the study area. The comparison of the distribution of the actual failures in the area and the probabilistic risk maps prepared for the study area revealed that all of the identified failures are found to be located in the higher risk zones on the probabilistic risk maps.     

Sm–Nd geochronology and petrography of garnet pyroxene granulites in the northern Sulu region of China and their geotectonic implication

Abundant garnet-bearing granulite lenses are widely distributed in the northern part of the Sulu region and adjacent areas. They are possibly re-metamorphosed high-pressure metamorphic rocks. On the basis of detailed petrographic study, samples WD01, WD04 and ML06 from Laixi and Wendeng were identified as high-pressure granulites, and WH1 from Weihai as an original coesite-bearing eclogite. Three high-pressure granulite samples give mineral-WR isochron ages of 1846±76, 1743±79 and 1752±30 Ma. TDM ages are 3.3, 3.0 and 2.8 Ga. The Sm–Nd mineral-WR isochron ages are interpreted to date as the metamorphic resetting within the medium-pressure granulite facies, representing an isotopic re-homogeneity during uplifting of the high-pressure granulites from deep continent crust. It is important that Sm–Nd chronological characteristics are the same as Archaean high-pressure granulites in the North China craton. However, sample WH1 from Weihai demonstrates abnormal Sm–Nd characteristics. Its whole rock _Nd (0) value is +129. TDM age is 1.3 Ga, and constrains the minimum age of re-metamorphosed eclogite protolith formation to the mid-Proterozoic. This result is identical to those reported by Jahn (1994), showing complicated processes of metamorphism and metasomatism. The data in this paper provide further evidence to define the boundary between the North China craton and UHPM belt in eastern Shandong and to understand the geotectonic nature of the boundary.     

内蒙古固阳地区太古宙乌拉山群构造变形分析

乌拉山群的变质－变形问题一直有不同的认识＾「１～３」。该文以固阳地区３幅１∶５万区调资料为基础,结合９０年代以来周边地区１∶５万区调成果,提出晚太古宙乌拉山群经历了两期主要的构造变形。第一期为伸展体制下近水平分层剪切形成的固态流变褶皱和高温顺层韧性剪切带,属高角闪岩相－麻粒岩相,变形时间为太古代末;第二期构造变形为地壳抬升之后的剂压体制下,中、浅层次的紧闭同斜相似褶皱－－主期褶皱和低温韧性剪切带,     

川滇黔桂地区下、中三叠统层序划分、对比及层序地层格架

在对研究区不同相带内典型剖面详细观测、层序界面识别基础上,将区内下、中三叠统划分出六个三级层序,分别命名为S₁ ～S₆,其中下三叠统印度阶一个 (S₁ )、奥伦尼阶两个 (S₂ ～S₃),中三叠统安尼阶两个 (S₄～S₅)、拉丁阶一个 (S₆),从年代地层考虑早三叠延续时限为 3.9Ma,则S1 、S2 、S3层序延续的时限平均为 1.3Ma。中三叠统延续的时限为 6.1Ma,则S4、S5、S6 层序所延续的时限平均分别为 2.0 3Ma。按层序底面性质可分出 4个Ⅰ型层序 (S₂ 、S₃、S₄、S₅)和 2个Ⅱ型层序 (S₁ 、S₆),并进行了区域层序对比,进而建立了区内下、中三叠统层序地层格架模型,详细讨论了各层序的次级组成单元 (体系域 )的几何形态和相互关系随时间的迁移所发生的相应变化。     

西藏中部及其与青海邻近地区强震活动特征与玛尼7.5级地震预测研究

依据西藏中部强震活动特征及１９８５年以来中国大陆强震活动新格局,于１９９６年将藏北玛尼一唐古拉山口一带列为未来几年７１／４级地震危险区。这旬刚发生的１９９７．１１．８玛尼７．５级地震有较好的对应。再次表明采用活构造与强震研究相结合、震源区个性和地震带（区）共性相结合,追踪大震发展过程及研究不同必质的强震活动图象等分析方法是有研究前景的。     

华东地区地震活动的加速模型分析

地震活动加速模型是在岩石断裂理论和实验的基础上建立起来的,具有坚实的物理基础。运用地震活动加速模型对地震活动进行分析和预测具有很强的实用性。运用地震活动加速模型对华东地区及长南带地震活动进行的分析和预测结果表明,该地区本次地震活动期将在2016年左右结束,现在至2016年还将发生总能量相当于7．7级的地震,加速模型中表征区域地震活动特征参数α取0．4能适合于华东地区和长南带。     

江苏地磁加卸载响应比的异常标志体系

应用曾小苹等人提出的地磁加卸载响应比法,研究了江苏地磁台网1983~1997年的加卸载响应比异常及其间台网内和网缘附近M_s4.6以上地震之间的关系,提出了适用于江苏地磁台网分析预报的标志体系,并对其内检预报效能进行了评价。     

Magnitude-Intensity Relationships in the Ibero-Magrebhian Region

In this paper we present magnitude (Ms) – magnitude(mb) and magnitude-intensity relationships which areconsidered the most adequate in the Ibero-Maghrebianregion. This work is based on selected samples ofrecently revised events with magnitude mb assigned bythe Instituto Geográfico Nacional (I.G.N.) and Msassigned by I.S.C and N.E.I.C., and isoseismal mapsfrom 142 events. Using these data, we have obtainedone magnitude (Ms) – magnitude (mb) relationship, twomagnitude (mb and Ms) assignment relationships viaepicentral intensity (I₀), and ten magnitude (mb andMs) assignments relationships via macroseismicinformation: four using Ambraseys' methodology (1985)and six using the isoseismal area of degree III, IV and VI.According to the obtained results it could be concluded that historical magnitude assignment with lesser uncertainties are those obtained via macroseismic information using magnitude-intensity relationships with Ambraseys' methodology (1985). The magnitude-isoseismal area assignment relationships have, in most cases, great differences depending on the degree of the isoseismal area used. Magnitude assignments via epicentral intensity have the highest uncertainties. Geographic regionalization of the relationshipshas been studied but the highest correlations and statistical significance are obtained when we fit all the Ibero-Maghrebian region data.Finally we have used the results obtained in this workto assign magnitude to some important historicalearthquakes in the Ibero-Maghrebian region: the 1755Lisbon earthquake, the 1680 Málaga earthquake, the1829 Torrevieja earthquake and the 1884 Arenas del Reyearthquake. According to our relationships andmethodology we have assigned an Ms value of 9.3 ±0.6 to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake (its mb magnitudecannot be estimated due to the saturation of the mbscale), an mb value of 6.3 ±0.4 and an Ms valueof 6.9 ± 0.6 to the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake, anmb value of 6.2 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.4 ±0.6 to the 1680 Málaga earthquake and an mb valueof 6.1 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.5 ± 0.6 tothe 1884 Arenas del Rey earthquake.