北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时空分布特征及其构造意义

北疆及邻区发育大量的花岗岩,其中石炭-二叠纪花岗岩较为突出。本文总结了该期花岗岩的时空分布特征。北疆及邻区不同构造单元石炭-二叠纪花岗岩特征不同,形成时代峰期也不一致。在阿尔泰,该期花岗岩主要集中在早二叠世(289～266Ma),晚石炭世出现一个明显的岩浆宁静期;西准噶尔可以分为早石炭世(340～320Ma)和晚石炭世—早二叠世(310～290Ma)两期,后一期较强,铝质A型花岗岩分布广泛是该地区的一个重要特征,形成时代集中在300Ma左右;东准噶尔地区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩多沿断裂带展布,岩浆活动从晚石炭世一直延续到早二叠世(320～270Ma),该地区最大的特点是发育多条碱性(A型)花岗岩带,在晚石炭世—早二叠世连续产出。西天山大致可以分为3期:早石炭世(355～345Ma)、早石炭世晚期—晚石炭世(335～305Ma)和二叠纪(300～255Ma)。早石炭世花岗岩主要集中在北天山,早二叠世花岗岩浆活动最为强烈,其中的碱性(A型)花岗岩不仅在南天山呈带状大面积分布,在北天山也有发育;东天山—北山是区内石炭-二叠纪花岗岩最为发育的地区,岩体数量多,分布面积广,锆石年龄主要集中在335～310Ma和300～270Ma,相对来说来东天山石炭纪花岗岩较多,北山二叠纪花岗岩较多。总体而言,北疆及邻区石炭-二叠纪花岗岩时代主要集中在晚石炭世—早二叠世,特别是早二叠世,整体展现出同步性,这个时期碱性岩最发育,可能揭示了不同构造背景下的伸展特点。这是整个中亚造山带及邻区大量的酸性和基性-超基性岩浆活动及暗示的伸展环境的一个缩影。     

巴尔喀什成矿带阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼矿床地质特征与铼-锇同位素测年分析

哈萨克斯坦阿克沙套大型钨钼矿床处于中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带内。该矿床为云英岩型浸染状矿床, 具有云英岩型矿床的典型矿物组合、围岩蚀变、矿体形态和结构构造。矿区产出有伟晶岩、石英长石脉, 含有钨钼矿、石英和黄玉云英岩矿体等。本文对阿克沙套钨钼矿床辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析, 得到辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)为289.3 Ma, 处在早二叠世。分析认为, 阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼成矿作用是晚石炭世中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用延续的结果, 属中亚造山带海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。      

Rb/Sr isotope studies of Cretaceous granitoids in the central Chukchi region: correctness of geochronological interpretation of results

The validity of the Rb/Sr isotopic ages of Cretaceous granitoid complex in the central Chukchi region has been verified. The performed studies showed that the Rb/Sr isotopic ages of late-orogenic granitoids are not reliable. Their variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of primary mantle magmas with continental-crust matter. Most probably, the variation is due to the constant compositions of mixing components and their proportions.     

Tracing the 850-Ma continental flood basalts from a piece of subducted continental crust in the North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China

A Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt extends along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau. Eclogites in the Yuka eclogite terrane, northwest part of this UHPM belt, occur as blocks or layers of varying size intercalated with granitic and pelitic gneisses. These eclogites have protoliths geochemically similar to enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OIB). On the basis of Ti/Y ratios, they can be divided into low-Ti and high-Ti groups. The low-Ti group (LTG) eclogites exhibit relatively low TiO₂ (most <2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (<500) but comparatively high Mg# (48–55), whereas the high-Ti group (HTG) eclogites have high TiO₂ (most >2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (>500) but lower Mg# (46–52). Zircons from two eclogite samples gave a magmatic crystallization (protolith) age of ∼850 Ma and a UHPM age of ∼433 Ma. The occurrence, geochemical features and age data of the Yuka eclogites suggest that their protoliths are segments of continental flood basalts (CFBs) with a mantle plume origin, similar to most typical CFBs. Our observation, together with the tectonic history and regional geologic context, lend support for the large scale onset of mantle plume within the Rodinia supercontinent at ∼850 Ma. The Qaidam block is probably one of the fragments of the Rodinia supercontinent with a volcanic-rifted passive margin. The latter may have been dragged to mantle depths by its subducting leading edge of the oceanic lithosphere in the Early Paleozoic.     

武夷山南段前寒武纪浅变质岩系的划分与时代

武夷山南段前寒武纪地层分布较广。从下至上分为楼子坝群、丁屋岭组、南岩组和黄连组。过去因缺乏可靠的微古植物化石证据和同位素地质年龄资料,对其时代归属分歧颇大。为此,作者对该区的前寒武系进行了系统的微古植物取样、分析,参考最近的Nd同位素模式年龄资料,认为:楼子坝群为前震旦系,大致相当于蓟县系与青白口系;丁屋岭组为下震旦统;南岩组和黄连组为上震旦统;江西东南部的"下寒武统炭质板岩"应归入老虎塘组,属上震旦统。     

西秦岭礼县长安一带西汉水群牙形刺特征及时代讨论

在西秦岭礼县长安一带西汉水群中首次采到牙形刺，计有１７属３６种。根据牙形刺动物群特征、主要种属地史分布及其区域对比，确认该区西汉水群之七固组层位应为上泥盆统法门阶（锡矿山阶），龙鳞桥组主体为费拉斯阶（余田桥阶）底部层位中牙形刺显示中一晚泥盆世过渡色彩。     

东昆仑大干沟火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

东昆仑大干沟以北地区造山后形成的牦牛山组磨拉石建造不整合覆盖于前泥盆系之上,其形成时代对限定柴达木盆地加里东造山作用的结束时间及晚古生代裂解作用的开始时间具有重要意义。应用单颗粒锆石离子探针质谱仪(SHRIMP)方法,对牦牛山组上部火山岩段的样品进行精确的锆石U-Pb测年。结果表明,牦牛山组上段火山岩样品DG01和DG02中的岩浆锆石206Pb/238U平均年龄分别为403.6±5.1Ma和409±3.4Ma。综合前人研究认为,造山后牦牛山组伸展型磨拉石的形成时代为晚志留世-早泥盆世,限定了晚古生代裂解的开始时间,也意味着早古生代加里东造山运动在晚志留世-早泥盆世之前已经结束。     

地磁场强度变化对暴露年代测定的影响及校正

在103-105a的尺度上,地磁场强度变化是影响陆地宇生核素生成速率的主要因素,其影响程度取决于样品的地理位置和暴露时间。根据已有的磁场古强度数据,模拟200 ka以来海拔2 km、25°N和40°N的地表10Be生成速率的变化,进而分析地表宇生核素生成速率变化对岩石暴露年代测定的影响及其模式年龄的校正。校正磁场强度变化后,海拔2 km、25°N上,50-200 ka的模式年龄可被压缩14%~19%,大于1σ的误差,相同海拔40°N上的模式年龄可减小约8%。对中低纬两组模式年龄的校正充分证明,磁场强度引起的陆地宇生核素生成速率变化是暴露年代测定中主要误差源之一,尤其在低纬高海拔地区这一影响更不容忽视。     

Feldspar multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL dating of the Wulanmulun Paleolithic site and its implication

The Wulanmulun site found in 2010 is an important Paleolithic site in Ordos (China), from which lots of stone and bone artifacts and mammalian fossils have been recovered. It was previously dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques on quartz. To further confirm the reliability of the chronology constructed based on OSL ages and test the applicability of the recently developed pIRIR procedure on sediments from northern China, twenty-four sediment samples (including eolian, lacustrine and fluvio-eolian sands) from the site were determined using the multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR or pIRIR) procedure on potassium feldspar. The results show that the studied samples have two MET-pIRIR D_e preheat plateaus (280–320 and 340–360 °C), and the bleaching rates of the luminescence signals are associated with sample ages and stimulation temperatures. All the pIRIR ages (7–155 ka) corrected for anomalous fading and residual dose obtained after solar bleaching for 15 h are larger than the corresponding quartz OSL ages (4–66 ka) previously determined, even for the young eolian samples (<10 ka). But the corrected IRSL(50 °C) ages (6–85 ka) are broadly consistent with the quartz ages. It appears that the IRSL(50 °C) ages are more reliable, although this contradicts the previously results obtained by other people. On the other hand, we also obtained an extended age plateau between the stimulation temperatures of 50 and 290 °C in the plot of age versus stimulation temperature (A-T plot) by subtracting different residual doses obtained after different bleaching times. The reliability of the plateau ages requires further investigation. For the sediment samples from this site, quartz should be more suitable for dating than K-feldspar, and the quartz OSL ages of 50–65 ka for its cultural layer should be reliable.     

南海西北次海盆的磁条带重追踪及洋中脊分段性

由于缺少有效钻孔资料,对于南海扩张的时间一直存在较大的疑问.在南海三大海盆中,西北次海盆面积最小、磁条带特征不明显,因此对其扩张年代的争议最大.最新采集的高密度(小于10 km测线间距)船测地磁资料清晰地显示了西北次海盆磁条带的存在.在OBS和多道地震资料的约束下,利用船测地磁资料,本文对西北次海盆的地壳年龄进行了重追踪.根据定量的比较,西北次海盆的主体扩张始于35.8 Ma(C16n,2n),在34.7 Ma(C15)时其西南部开始扩张,扩张最终同时终止于33.2 Ma(C13n),整体的全扩张速率在40~50 mm/a之间.这表明南海的扩张可能首先起源于西北次海盆,在其结束扩张后,东部次海盆才开始打开(约30 Ma).得益于数据精度和密度的提高,利用化极后的磁力异常以及反演的磁化强度可以对西北次海盆进行二级中脊段的划分.我们共划分出六个中脊段和一个明确的转换断层.中脊的分段性与OBS反演的地壳厚度的变化相一致.转换断层东侧,中脊主体分为四个中脊段,每个中脊段长度均在30 km左右.转换断层西侧,存在一个长约50 km的中脊段和一个不确切的中脊段.中脊段上磁化强度的变化幅值和中脊段长度在整体上成正比.每个中脊段中央的磁化强度弱于中脊段两端的磁化强度,这与扩张速率相近的大西洋中脊的磁化强度特征一致.