位移释放率对双护盾TBM护盾压力的影响研究

为了研究隧洞纵向位移（LDP）释放率对双护盾隧洞掘进机（TBM）围岩变形及护盾压力的影响,在FLAC3D中采用应力释放法对LDP曲线实现了较好的控制,并指出采用计算时间步控制的缺陷,在考虑护盾与围岩之间不均匀间隙情况下,详细分析了应力释放率对TBM掘进中围岩LDP曲线变化规律、护盾所受挤压力及围岩塑性区的影响。得出了以下结论：（1）不同岩体力学参数下,LDP曲线受应力释放率的敏感程度不同;（2）随着应力释放率的逐渐增加,围岩LDP曲线特征及与TBM护盾相互接触的部位有所不同,TBM护盾接触挤压力和所受摩擦阻力逐渐增大;（3）护盾外围塑性区的形状与应力释放率和护盾与围岩之间的不均匀间隙有关,当在较大的应力释放率下,塑性区呈现自上而下逐渐减小的特征。     

基于模糊综合评判的护盾式TBM施工围岩稳定性分类

针对传统分类方法难以对围岩稳定性进行评价的问题,以护盾式全断面隧掘进机（TBM）施工隧洞的围岩稳定性评价为目标,在研究护盾式TBM施工特点的基础上,参照国内、外常用的围岩分类方法,选择了岩石的回弹值、刀盘推力、刀盘扭矩、片状岩渣含量、地下水渗流量和最大主应力与洞轴线的夹角作为围岩稳定性评判因素。采用模糊综合评判方法,建立围岩稳定性多因素评判模型,通过确定评判因素的权重向量选取隶属函数,进而对围岩稳定性进行定量评判,并将之应用到某工程双护盾TBM施工的围岩稳定性评判中。结果表明：序号1、2、3和4洞段对应的较稳定、较稳定、局部稳定性差和不稳定的最大隶属度分别为0.494、0.403、0.388、0.442,分别对应Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类围岩;模糊综合评判方法合理,评判结果较为可靠。研究成果对护盾式TBM施工的围岩稳定性评价、围岩分类及支护方式选择等具有参考价值。     

锦屏二级水电站TBM施工中的岩爆问题分析及对策

锦屏二级水电站施工排水洞在施工前的101d内,仅掘进1027m。这期间共发生3次岩爆,直接影响到掘进的进程。按照岩爆发生的时间顺序,依次描述这3次岩爆的危害程度,影响范围。岩爆的发生具有一定的规律性,不仅与高地应力有关,而且与岩体的结构特征、赋水条件等有一定的关系。同时,TBM施工的特点也是加剧岩爆发生的因素之一。最后,通过对岩爆发生规律的分析,提出了相应的对策。     

隧道掘进机施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类方法探讨

针对隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine--TBM)施工隧洞中的围岩分类问题,指出TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类应针对围岩的可钻掘性,充分考虑影响TBM掘进效率的主要工程地质因素,提出了在《工程岩体分级标准》围岩稳定性基本分级的基础上,依据岩石的单轴抗压强度、岩石的耐磨性和岩体的完整性将TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分为A(好)、B(一般)、C(差)3个级别的围岩分类新方法。     

A spatial estimation model for continuous rock mass characterization from the specific energy of a TBM

Summary  Basic principles of the theory of rock cutting with rolling disc cutters are used to appropriately reduce tunnel boring machine (TBM) logged data and compute the specific energy (SE) of rock cutting as a function of geometry of the cutterhead and operational parameters. A computational code written in Fortran 77 is used to perform Kriging predictions in a regular or irregular grid in 1D, 2D or 3D space based on sampled data referring to rock mass classification indices or TBM related parameters. This code is used here for three purposes, namely: (1) to filter raw data in order to establish a good correlation between SE and rock mass rating (RMR) (or tunnelling quality index Q) along the chainage of the tunnel, (2) to make prediction of RMR, Q or SE along the chainage of the tunnel from boreholes at the exploration phase and design stage of the tunnel, and (3) to make predictions of SE and RMR or Q ahead of the tunnel’s face during excavation of the tunnel based on SE estimations during excavation. The above tools are the basic constituents of an algorithm to continuously update the geotechnical model of the rock mass based on logged TBM data. Several cases were considered to illustrate the proposed methodology, namely: (a) data from a system of twin tunnels in Hong Kong, (b) data from three tunnels excavated in Northern Italy, and (c) data from the section Singuerlin-Esglesias of the Metro L9 tunnel in Barcelona. Correspondence: G. Exadaktylos, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece     

关于用岩体分类预测TBM掘进速率AR的讨论

以Maen、Pieve、Cogolo和Varzo 4条隧道为例,本文分析说明了岩体质量分类系统不能预测TBM净掘进速率PR的原因:由于影响岩体可掘进性的因素与影响岩体质量的因素不一样,且岩体质量分类系统多采用半定性半定量的评分形式描述岩体条件,故岩体的质量分数值与TBM的净掘进速率PR很难有一一对应的关系。因此,岩体质量分类系统和基于此的预测模型不能够用来预测TBM的净掘进速率PR。根据TBM施工隧道岩体分类的目的及TBM施工的特点,提出预测TBM净掘进速率PR的岩体分类系统应与评价岩体稳定的岩体分类系统分开进行。用岩体可掘进性分类系统预测净掘进速率PR,用岩体质量分类系统预测TBM利用率U,从而计算出TBM的掘进速率AR。     

TBM组装洞岩壁梁岩台缺陷处理技术研究

TBM组装间岩壁梁在施工过程中,由于受地质条件及人为因素影响,导致TBM组装间岩壁梁在施工过程中发生无法成型或岩壁梁岩台存在缺陷,对后序岩壁梁上部吊车轨道安装埋下严重的安全隐患。以吉林引松供水总干线三标TBM组装间岩壁梁为研究背景,对岩壁梁缺陷处理进行了详细分析和研究,提出了岩壁梁岩台缺陷的处理技术,并对研究结果进行了验证,对类似工程有一定的参考价值。     

深埋TBM施工输水隧洞结构的三维仿真分析

考虑围岩材料的弹塑性,引入有限元程序中的生死单元,建立了可模拟隧洞开挖过程的围岩三维仿真模型,求得了深埋隧洞围岩变形的分布模式;并在此基础上,采用接触模型和库仑摩擦模型模拟管片接头的非线性连接作用,建立了TBM隧洞管片结构的三维仿真模型,分析在不同工况（施工期、运行期、检修期）、不同围岩类型以及不同衬砌时机下管片的应力应变特征,为输水隧洞的适时衬砌和安全运行提供了依据。     

Developing new equations for TBM performance prediction in carbonate-argillaceous rocks: a case history of Nowsood water conveyance tunnel

Nowsood water conveyance tunnel is 49 km long and has been designed for transferring 70 m³/s water from Sirvan river southward to Dashte Zahab plain in the west of Iran. This long tunnel has been divided into three sections, namely 1A, 1B and 2. By April 2008, about 5.3 km of the lot 2 of this project, with a total length of 26 km, were excavated by a double-shield TBM. The bored section of tunnel passed through different geological units of three main formations of the Zagross mountain ranges which mainly consist of weak to moderately strong argillaceous-carbonate rocks. This paper will offer an overview of the project, concentrating on the TBM operation, and review the results of the field performance of the machine. Also results of statistical analyses to evaluate correlation of TBM performance parameters with rock mass characteristics will be discussed. The results of machine performance analysis indicated that there are strong relationships between geomechanical parameters and TBM performance parameters in this particular project. In this research some empirical equations and a chart have been developed to estimate TBM performance parameters in similar cases based on common rock mass properties.     

激光法盾构自动导向系统的研究与实现

本文围绕激光法自动导向系统涉及到的关键技术,研究了系统的组成、工作流程以及利用直接测量得到的数据进行盾构掘进偏差量的计算过程.设计并开发了一套盾构自动导向系统,基本满足了自动导向的要求.