基于AHP和模糊综合评判的TBM施工风险评估

岩石隧洞建设中面临很大和众多的风险,利用TBM施工的深埋长隧洞受多种不确定因素影响,具有随机性和模糊性,目前的研究方法难以对其进行准确定量分析。通过深入分析影响TBM施工的风险因素,建立了TBM施工风险综合评价指标体系。基于风险影响因素的层次性,提出了TBM施工风险二级模糊综合评判计算模型,并利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各级因素权重,利用模糊集法确定隶属函数,划分了风险接受等级。以南水北调西线工程深埋长隧洞TBM施工为例,应用二级模糊综合评判计算模型对该工程TBM施工风险进行分析,计算结果表明,该方法是合理性实用的。其理论、方法、思路和结论可供同类工程借鉴。     

基于颗粒流模型的TBM滚刀破岩过程数值模拟研究

为了研究全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）盘型滚刀的破岩机制及其影响因素,采用颗粒流方法建立了岩石与滚刀的二维数值模型,实现了对TBM滚刀破岩过程的模拟。分析表明,滚刀的破岩过程可分为冲击挤压破碎、大量微裂纹生成、张拉性主裂纹扩展3个阶段,证实了滚刀破岩的挤压-张拉破坏理论。在滚刀侵入深度相同的前提下,随着刀圈刃角以及刃宽的增加,滚刀下的压碎区也相应增大,张拉性主裂纹数目增多,滚刀的破岩能力提高;与平刃刀圈相比,楔刃刀圈的“楔块劈裂”作用更加显著,使径向裂纹扩展得更快且更深入岩石内部。TBM滚刀对强度较高或较低岩石的破坏损伤较小,而对中等强度的岩石破坏损伤最为显著。     

深埋隧洞即时型岩爆孕育过程的频谱演化特征

岩爆孕育过程中所记录的微震事件波形本身就包含着丰富的前兆信息。基于深埋隧洞微震波的衰减特征,修正了最大有效振幅,将相对有效振幅和最大有效频率作为频谱分析参数。TBM和钻爆法不同开挖方式下诱发的即时型岩爆孕育过程的频谱演化特征基本一致,有如下特征：（1）无岩爆发生时,每日最大释放能量微震事件频谱对应的相对有效振幅的量级为10-6 m/s及以下,而最大有效频率则多大于300 Hz;（2）中等岩爆发生前,相对有效振幅的量级维持在10-5 m/s,最大有效频率则介于200～300 Hz;（3）强烈岩爆发生前,微震事件对应相对有效振幅的量级增长并保持在10-4 m/s,最大有效频率则基本在200 Hz以下;（4）对于一个完整的即时型岩爆孕育过程,当岩爆发生时,相对有效振幅增至最大,同时最大有效频率降至最低。微震信号的频谱演化特征可为即时型岩爆发生时间及等级的预警提供参考和依据。     

建立隧道掘进机产业促进我国地下空间开发

论述了国际地下工程建设动态，指出在地下工程建设中，优先采用全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）进行快速开挖已成料总的发展趋势；对我国开发隧道掘进机的历史和现状进行了综述，提出了存在的问题有利条件，对在我国建立隧道掘进机产业提出了意见和建议。     

Influence of Rock Mass Parameters on the Performance of a TBM in a Gneissic Formation (Varzo Tunnel)

Summary The paper analyses the influence of rock mass quality on the performance of a double shield TBM in the excavation of a tunnel in a gneiss formation which is characterized by high strength and low fracture intensity.As full observation of the rock conditions was prevented by the use of segmental lining, a geomechanical survey of the face was performed during maintenance downtime and the observed conditions were correlated with the machine performance parameters for that same day. A statistical analysis of the data shows that penetration rate correlates well with a slightly modified RMR index (in which the influence of the water conditions and joint orientation were discounted), but the most important factor is by far the partial rating of the RMR classification related to joint spacing only. However in tunnels characterized by greater variability in rock strength and joint conditions, it could be worthwhile using the complete RMR index.Given the toughness of the rock, failure of the cutter bearings and supports were a frequent occurrence during excavation. Owing to this factor the influence of rock quality on the rate of advance was found to be weak and the correlation more scattered.The results obtained for the Varzo tunnel were compared with those relative to other tunnels in granitic rocks and found to be in good agreement. However the relationships obtained should be considered valid only for this type of rock; machine behaviour could be found to be markedly different in other rock types, even where rock material strength and joint frequency are the same.     

TBM掘进技术的发展应用及相关工程地质问题探讨

阐述了TBM(隧道掘进机)半个世纪以来的发展及其在国内外隧道建设中的应用，指出优先采用TBM掘进技术进行隧道开挖已成为未来隧道建设总的发展趋势；并在分析大量国内外工程实例的基础上，结合TBM施工中的经验及教训，对TBM掘进过程中存在的诸如断层破碎带、挤压地层、地下水、岩溶等相关工程地质问题进行了探讨，并提出了相应的处理措施。     

Additives for Slurry Shields in Highly Permeable Ground

Summary. For tunneling projects in saturated soils tunnel boring machines (TBMs) with slurry shields are widely used. However, in coarse, highly permeable soils the suspension penetrates the ground and the required support pressure cannot be built up. For the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel near Zurich permeabilities much greater than 10⁻³ m/s were expected. This value is usually considered as the critical limit for the applicability of slurry shields. Therefore it was aimed to find additives for the bentonite suspension which would allow it to attain a higher suspension pressure. For these investigations an apparatus has been developed. It allows the maximum attainable support pressure for a given suspension and a ground to be determined. It reflects the real situation, produces reproducible results and is insensitive to the inevitable variation of individual parameters. In the tests the additives polymer, sand and vermiculite were studied and their effects on the attainable maximum suspension pressure investigated. For the best combination, i.e. with a well defined proportion of the individual components, suspension pressures could be attained which were about 10 to 20 times higher than those with an ordinary bentonite suspension. Successful excavation of the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel proved the validity of the laboratory tests containing 200 kg bentonite per m³ water.     

隧洞TBM施工过程中的地质编录

ＴＢＭ越来越多地用于隧洞开挖,有必要对ＴＢＭ施工地质进行研究,本文从现场施工要求的角度出发,概述了ＴＢＭ施工特征,以渣料的地质编录为重点,阐述了ＴＢＭ施工中地质编录方法及应用条件,进而归纳出如何利用各种地质信息指导超前钻探,预测不利地质条件,为ＴＢＭ施工提供地质依据。     

层次分析法在确立TBM围岩分级各地质因素权值中的应用

由于目前没有一个比较完善的TBM围岩分类体系,尝试采用层次分析法确立来TBM围岩分类体系中有关围岩稳定性的各地质因素的权值.首先建立影响引水隧洞稳定性层次分析法模型,其次对各影响因素构建判断矩阵,特征向量的求解及一致性检验,最后得出各因素权值.     

基于强度与稳定性的端头加固理论模型及敏感性分析

为确保盾构始发与到达的顺利进行,避免施工过程中发生端头土体失稳,引发地表沉陷、塌方等工程事故,基于土体强度与稳定性的基本理论,作者就如何确定端头土体纵向加固范围和建立砂土复合地层端头滑动模型进行了研究.在具体分析了现有端头加固理论模型的优缺点后,提出一种基于强度理论的荷载等效模型和基于稳定性理论的砂性土端头滑动模型.该...