北京地区高分辨率快速循环同化预报系统性能检验和评估

针对高分辨率数值模式降水预报检验中存在的问题,探讨模式分辨率的改变对模式降水评分的影响。对同一区域人为改变测站疏密度,讨论测站的疏密对降水预报评分的影响,从检验结果来看,降水评分与模式预报的水平分辨率有较强的关联,对测站的疏密程度也有很明显的依赖性,测站的疏密度不同,评分的差距可能很大。

     

Seasonal observations of surface waters in two Gulf of Maine estuary-plume systems: Relationships between watershed attributes,optical measurements and surface pCO2

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) in estuary-plume systems is related to the internal processes of net organic metabolism and physical mixing, but is also strongly influenced by biogeochemical inputs from the land and ocean. Surface layer pCO₂, stimulated fluorescence of chlorophyll (f-chl) and colored organic matter (f-com), and beam attenuation at 660 nm (c-660) were measured during three seasonal surveys of the Kennebec (ME) and Merrimack (MA) estuary-plume systems. These estuaries are both supplied by large New England Rivers and separated by less than 150 km, but significant differences were often observed in the distributions of surface pCO₂ and optical variables. High pCO₂ concentrations were generally associated with high f-com, while lower pCO₂ concentrations were associated with high f-chl and c-660. Using simple regression models, optical measurements were used to estimate chlorophyll and total organic carbon concentrations. Results suggest that labile riverine carbon is responsible for sustaining supersaturated pCO₂ conditions and that phytoplankton productivity, likely driven by inputs of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen, is responsible for pCO₂ undersaturation. Although optical variables are often related to surface pCO₂, the results suggest that efforts to retrieve pCO₂ in complex waters using optical data may be enhanced using a site-specific, multivariate approach.     

一体化地图制图信息系统的建立及其应用

由于新技术的发展和应用,地图制图信息系统提出了新的概念,地图生产和应用观念都发生了根本变化,地图学家在新时期下面临着新的机遇和挑战。为了促进我国地图学的发展,中科院地理所引进了美国INTERGRAPH系统,同时又开发了自己的电子地图创作系统EA-World,并研制了两系统之间的接口,使两系统结合成为一体化的地图制图信息系统。系统先后完成了多个国家级图集的印刷版和电子版的制作,取得了良好的效果。文中系统地介绍和总结了这一系统的构成、功能和特点及其工艺流程。     

高黎贡山不同土地类型土壤中微生物的生化活性

从高黎贡山不同土地类型土壤的理化特性及微生物特性,探讨了不同土地类型生态因子的变化及其对微生物生长代谢的作用,以及人类活动对微生物的影响。     

资源信息系统建设方法探讨

该文通过对资源管理理论和方法的分析 ,根据资源信息系统对地理信息的需求展开讨论 ,针对现有资源信息系统建设常用方法及其存在的问题 ,讨论了通用资源信息系统建设中若干关键技术问题。     

Transboundary biodiversity conservation of the Pha Taem Protected Forest Complex: A bioregional approach

With the financial assistance from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Thailand's Royal Forest Department (RFD) has initiated a strategy for cooperation in transboundary biodiversity conservation with Cambodia and Laos. The Pha Taem Protected Forest Complex (PPFC) in northeastern region was chosen as a pilot project because of the increasing pressure on biodiversity from illegal trade in plants and wildlife across the tri-national borders. The PPFC covers five protected areas in Thailand and adjoins the Phouxeingthong National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NCBA) in Laos and the Cambodia's Protected Forest for Conservation of Genetic Resources of Plants and Wildlife. Two important outputs derived from the project phase I (2001–2004) were a long-term management plan in a framework of transboundary biodiversity conservation and initiative cooperation between the three countries. Cooperation is achieved at certain level and Laos is reluctant to nominate the Phouxeingthong NBCA for inclusion in the project's second phase. In addition, forest cover in buffer zone has been encroached for agricultural practices. The ecological management zones using bioregional approach was developed to provide a framework for transboundary biodiversity conservation in the adjoining protected forests and reducing the conflict of resource uses by local residents in the buffer zone.     

陆地系统动力学研究的现状与动向

本文指出动力学已经发展到ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ阶段。陆地系统动力学将成为地理学尖端。当前陆地系统研究的重点为流域系统、城市与区域系统和气候－生物圈的相互作用。提出我国当前应抓陆地系统开发的资源环境稳定性，环境需求动力学分析、陆地系统一般动力学及其在全球系统中功能，以及计算地理学。针对陆地系统的巨性，指出对它的研究不仅需要物理主义的科学观，而且需要历史主义的科学观，在系统分析方面，不能囿于系统的物理完整性     

陕西省冬小麦干旱风险分析及区划

根据自然灾害分析原理, 以县为单元, 从干旱对冬小麦造成的减产出发, 分别就各县灾损率、易灾性、抗灾能力三方面进行了讨论。以风险指数为区划指标, 在GIS系统 (City Star) 中, 按等级划分标准对各县属性值进行分级、赋色, 获得GIS系统支持下的陕西省冬小麦干旱风险区划图, 并分区予以评述。     

An approximation to the reliability of series geotechnical systems using a linearization approach

A method based on the linearization of the limit state functions (LSFs) is applied to evaluate the reliability of series geotechnical systems. The approach only needs information provided by first order reliability method (FORM) results: the vector of reliability indices, β, of the LSFs composing the system; and their correlation matrix, R. Two common geotechnical problems—the stability of a slope in layered soil and a circular tunnel in rock—are employed to demonstrate the simplicity, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested procedure, and advantages of the linearization approach with respect to alternative computational tools are discussed. It is also found that, if necessary, the second order reliability method (SORM)—that approximates the true LSF better than FORM—can be employed to compute better estimations of the system’s reliability.     

The Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over East Asia in Warm Seasons

Mesoscale convective system (MCS) cloud clusters,defined using an objective recognition analysis based on hourly geostationary infrared satellite data over East Asia during the warm seasons of 1996-2008 (except 2004),were investigated in this study.The geographical pattern of MCS distribution over East Asia shows several high-frequency centers at low latitudes,including the Indo-China peninsula,the Bay of Bengal,the Andaman Sea,the Brahmaputra river delta,the south China coastal region,and the Philippine Islands.There are several middle-frequency centers in the middle latitudes,e.g.,the central-east of the Tibet Plateau,the Plateau of west Sichuan,Mount Wuyi,and the Sayan Mountains in Russia;whereas in Lake Baikal,the Tarim Basin,the Taklimakan Desert,the Sea of Japan,and the Sea of Okhotsk,rare MCS distributions are observed.MCSs are most intensely active in summer,with the highest monthly frequency in July,which is partly associated with the breaking out and prevailing of the summer monsoon in East Asia.An obvious diurnal cycle feature is also found in MCS activities,which shows that MCSs are triggered in the afternoon,mature in the evening,and dissipate at night.MCS patterns over East Asia can be characterized as small,short-lived,or elongated,which move slowly and usually lead to heavy rains or floods.