震源区和接收区结构不同情况下体波合成地震图的矩阵-射线方法

本文进一步扩展了合成地震图的广义射线方法.由于算法中将地球模型划分成震源区、接收区和地幔区,因此可用于计算震源区与接收区速度结构不同时的体波合成地震图.新算法把广义射线理论与传播矩阵理论结合起来,并采用了分层Q值模型,从而可以自动包括指定介质层内所有多次波的混响.为简便数据准备,设计了射线编码自动生成算法. 本文算法与Kind扩展的反射率法用相同的地球模型进行了数值结果对比,结果表明,矩阵-射线方法用于计算体波地震图时,不但有足够好的精度,而且还具有速度快并适于单个震相研究的优点.在计算由10个接收点组成的地震剖面时,其计算时间仅为反射率法的7％左右.     

多级判别在地震综合预报中的应用

本文阐述了多级判别在地震综合预报中应用的必要性,给出该数学方法的推导过程,并且以云南多震区——滇西南地震区为例进行实际判别计算,在所计算的工6个震例中其拟合预报准确率在80％以上;对1987年11月25日讯沧外.2级地震实际预报取得较好的效果。     

An index to assess maritime importance in the European Atlantic economy

Successive marine policies set by the European Union identify the maritime sectors as crucial drivers for growth and jobs in the EU economy. The design of marine policies and the assessment of the importance of the maritime economy need empirical support that provides the basic data to help the decision-making process. This paper proposes a metric, in the form of a synthetic index, to measure and compare the importance of the maritime sectors in the European Atlantic area. The index scores can be used to assess the position of each Atlantic region so that it is possible to compare its performance to the rest of the area. The results show the relative weight of the maritime sectors in the European Atlantic regions and the high heterogeneity among them. Analyzing the maritime economy with this index can provide guidance for the design of economic policies to identify and revitalize the regions with greater potential for Blue Growth in the Atlantic area. This may help to put into perspective the importance of the maritime economy and can serve to improve the socio-economic dimension of the use of marine waters.     

Construction of synthetic ocean wave series along the Colombian Caribbean Coast: A wave climate analysis

In this paper a methodology is applied to generate synthetic wave series during mean and extreme conditions. An analysis is carried out that describes mean and extreme wave behavior for several climatic conditions along the Colombian Caribbean Coast. During mean conditions, the most energetic ocean waves are observed during the DJF season for both ENSO phases (El Niño and La Niña) for most of the Caribbean Sea. During the Niño years, there is a reduction in the speed of the north-east trade winds and their associated waves, but only in the DJF and MAM seasons. However, during the JJA season, this situation is reversed with the highest values occurring during El Niño and low values appearing during La Niña. Toward the east around the Guajira region, this general pattern is shown to change significantly. For extreme conditions, the results show a significant influence of extreme events toward the northwest, around La Guajira and the insular zones of San Andres and Providence when compared with other regions along the coast. All of these results (including the synthetic wave series) provide a design and management tool for the successful implementation of any coastal project (scientific or consulting) in Colombia.     

不同TEC分布模式对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响及校正

基于SAR成像模型和R-D定位模型,分析了电离层对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式组合对SAR立体像对定位精度的影响不同,校正效果也不同:当两幅影像对应的TEC分布均匀且大小相同时,电离层对SAR立体定位精度的影响小到可以忽略;当两幅影像由于拍摄季节不同导致TEC不同时,电离层影响很大,特别是距离向精度,其影响程度与两幅影像对应的TEC差值正相关,此时定向参数精化法校正效果很好;当电离层发生扰动时,电离层影响随着扰动程度的增大而增大,定向参数精化法有一定效果,但当电离层扰动很大时,校正效果明显减弱,还需要通过斜距直接校正法等其他方法予以校正。     

Degradation of rope properties under increasing monotonic load

This paper describes the development of a computational model to predict the response of synthetic-fiber ropes under both monotonic and cyclic loads. The model addresses the issue of damage to a rope cross-section and its effect on rope response. Isotropic damage is assumed and is therefore characterized by a scalar quantity known as the damage index. The damage index is used to quantify the amount of deterioration that takes place in a damaged rope throughout its loading history. For the current study, data obtained from static tension tests are used to determine the evolution relationship for the damage index. This relationship is based on the stiffness ratio between experimental data and simulation of rope response without any source of damage and is assumed to be described by an exponential equation. Numerical simulations of damaged rope behavior compare well with experimental results.     

综合危险性指数法在苍山县地质灾害易发区划分中的应用

地质灾害的发生和发展是地质环境因素和人类工程经济活动共同作用的结果，其易发性主要受自然因素和人为因素的共同影响。以山东省苍山县地质灾害易发区划分为例，探讨性地采用了地质灾害综合危险性指数法，定量划分了苍山县地质灾害易发区，结果符合当地地质灾害发育的实际情况，为苍山县地质灾害的预防和治理工作提供了科学依据。     

Tsallis熵和改进CV模型的海面溢油SAR图像分割

为了解决海洋表面溢油监测中合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像分割精度不高的难题,提出一种基于Tsallis熵多阈值分割与改进CV(ChanVese)模型相结合的海面溢油图像分割方法。首先采用基于Tsallis熵的多阈值选取算法对海面溢油图像进行粗分割;然后分别将得到的溢油区域和溢油粗略轮廓作为CV模型的局部区域和初始轮廓,以降低CV模型的场景复杂度及其对初始条件的敏感性。CV模型仅考虑了图像各区域的均值信息而没有考虑图像的局部信息,尽管能够得到渐进型边界图像,但其分割结果存在误差。本文采用了加入移动因子的改进CV模型降低分割误差,提高收敛速度。实验结果表明,提出的海面溢油SAR图像分割方法具有分割边界定位准确、运行高效和无需设置初始条件等优点。     

Geographical patterns of tree-limits of Norway spruce and Scots pine in the southern Swedish Scandes

The tree-limit altitudes of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from 180 sites (within an area of 95?km?×?165?km) in the southern Scandes were correlated with the geographical variables latitude, longitude and distance to the sea. The results were compared with a similar investigation of the tree-limit of mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. tortuosa (Ledeb.) Nyman) in the same area. The three tree-limit altitudes showed good negative correlation with latitude, poor correlation with longitude and good positive correlation with the distance to the sea, suggesting that on a regional scale the altitudes are controlled by macroclimate. At some sites, local topoclimatic features, some of which were partially aspect-dependent, may cause deviations in the regional pattern of tree-limit altitude that is set primarily by summer temperature. Tree-limit responses to potential future climate warming will probably differ substantially in magnitude from site to site in relation to local topography and associated ecological constraints.     

差分干涉测量黄河三角洲天然湿地水位变化研究

利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测湿地水位变化,对湿地保护、恢复和重建具有非常重要的意义.利用C波段VV极化和L波段HH极化合成孔径雷达影像,结合同步野外测量和调查工作,在各季节不同时间间隔下,研究不同湿地类型的后向散射特性差异和干涉相干性差异;在对影响干涉相干性的因素进行评价的基础上,建立差分干涉测量湿地水位变化监测的函数模型,利用获取的合成孔径雷达影像,分析黄河三角洲的天然湿地水位变化.研究结果表明,利用差分干涉测量技术不仅可以获取湿地水位变化,而且还能提供水位变化的空间细节,这是本技术最突出的特色.