中国近海生态系统动力学研究进展

全球海洋生态系统动力学是全球变化和海洋可持续科学研究领域的重要内容,当今海洋科学最为活跃的国际前沿研究领域之一。以国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“东、黄海生态系统动力学与生物资源可持续利用(1999—2004)”的研究成果为主,介绍中国近海生态系统动力学研究进展及其发展趋势。     

地球系统科学综述

首先从人类面临全球性的重大问题、地球系统的全球化和地球系统科学的关系与传统地球科学三个方面介绍了地球系统科学提出的背景,阐述了地球系统科学国内外研究现状．然后,详细介绍了地球系统科学的概念与研究方法,主要包括研究思路、基本概念、地球系统过程、全球——区域信息获取、海量信息处理和分析及地球系统模型等．第三,构建了地球系统科学理论基础．主要包括：地球系统的连续动态系统、离散动态系统、地球系统的随机性、地球系统的自组织和地球系统的简单巨系统与复杂巨系统,重点介绍了地球系统科学子系统与各圈层相互作用的动力学模型与效应．第四,概述了地球系统的数字表达一数字地球和地球系统科学是可持续发展战略科学基础．最后,简述了中国开展地球系统科学研究的方向和面临的主要科学问题。     

Circulating climate services: Commercializing science for climate change adaptation in Pacific Islands

In order to address the impacts of climate change, global multilateral institutions, development organizations, and national and regional science organizations are creating climate services – packages of useful climate information intended to help decision makers. This diffuse collection of actors and institutions suggest that producing climate services will help bridge gaps between climate scientists and decision-makers and will therefore help vulnerable countries and people manage the risks and optimize the impacts of climate change. This article examines this global science-policy ecosystem using the case of climate services produced by Australian science agencies for consumption in adaptation programming in the Pacific Island countries of Kiribati and Solomon Islands. Linking research on geographies of marketization and the neoliberalization of science, I demonstrate that within the climate service movement a focus on usefulness is paired with an emphasis on commercialization. As a result, this case shows the inherent tensions in the climate service model: first, a focus on competition and circulating service products at the expense of collaborative relationships; second, difficulties in negotiating uncertainty; and third contradictions between ‘objective’ and ‘entrepreneurial’ science. In each of these instances, the commercialized mechanisms through which climate services are governed, and the political economic circumstances within which they are produced, magnify rather than ameliorate gaps between science and policy.     

以“图”为纽带的测量学与GIS课程一体化实践教学的研究

为适应测绘信息化背景下测绘学科和测绘行业的发展变化,加强对学生测绘与地理信息综合能力的培养,本文针对目前非测绘类工程专业中的测量学和GIS课程的实践教学,研究了以"图"为纽带,对两门课程进行一体化实践教学的改革。     

2010-2016年国际极地研究综合评价分析

极地在气候系统、全球资源和战略中具有重要意义,并且随着人类对它的开发,极地研究也日益成为地球与环境科学领域的核心和热点议题。基于Web of Science数据库收录的2010-2016年SCI文章,利用文献计量方法,结合国际政策和战略,分析了2010-2016年极地研究的发展格局和变化趋势。结果表明：（1）近年来国际极地研究论文年发文量总体呈持续增长态势,年均增幅为3.6%。（2）发达国家及高纬度国家是极地领域的主要研究力量,美国占据绝对优势。（3）在SCI发表的国际极地研究论文来源期刊共计915种,来自57个国家,美国期刊占1/3。（4）结合欧盟极地研究优先领域和文献计量方法得出,极地研究未来新的发展方向侧重于人文及社会因素,重点提倡人类对极地的影响以及新技术应用。建议我国科研人员密切关注国际极地研究的发展态势和进展,鼓励海洋学、气象学、地质学、环境生态学、生物学、社会学和政治学等领域专家有计划地开展极地研究,为我国赢取极地研究国际发言权和参与度。     

Groundwater status and associated issues in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin: International collaborations to achieve sustainable groundwater resources

Groundwater is an important and readily available source of fresh water in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin. With a rapid population growth and increasing human activities, an increasing number of countries in the Mekong-Lancang River Basin are experiencing depleted and degraded groundwater supplies. In transboundary river basins, such as the Mekong-Lancang River, prioritizing the use of the shared aquifer by one riparian government may affect the opportunities of other riparian governments and lead to potential water conflicts between neighboring countries. To promote the sharing of strategies and information for the sustainable and equitable use of water resources of the shared basin, international collaborative workshops on groundwater resources have been organized for all Mekong-Lancang River countries. These workshops provide an opportunity to communicate and discuss nationally sensitive issues on groundwater by the associated countries, with topics covering multiple aspects of groundwater, such as the groundwater status in the basin, quality issues, water use conflicts, hydrological information gaps, management policies and capacity building for successful water resource management. Consensus has been reached by all countries on the importance of catchment-based groundwater management and the need for close communication among the countries. Strategies for managing transboundary aquifer issues must foster international collaboration based on the regional network, influence national networks and enhance the capacity to building maps and monitoring systems based on associated databases. The sustainability of water resources cannot be achieved without the integrated involvement and contributions by multiple countries and various stakeholders. Therefore, collaborative workshops provide a great opportunity to further our understanding of the hydrologic processes of the Mekong River Basin, share the benefits of the aquifer and provide a strategy and vision for sustainable water resource management in the Mekong-Lancang River countries.     

面向海洋传感与探测的光纤传感器研究进展

调研了近几年光纤传感器在海洋探测方面的研究进展,主要包括测量海水温度、压力、盐度、叶绿素、pH值和溶解氧的相关光纤传感器以及光纤水听器。简要介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理、结构及性能,同时跟踪了国内外相关的最新研究进展,并与传统的测量方法进行了比较,分析得出光纤传感器是对现有传统海洋探测器的重要补充,并在一些探测领域具有独特的优势。文章最后,探讨了光纤传感技术的未来发展趋势,认为在海洋温度、压力、叶绿素、水听器等领域可能会率先突破技术瓶颈并实现商用,同时提出了未来海洋光纤探测技术新的研究方向。     

3种海岛植被修复典型植物耐盐能力研究

以3种海岛植被修复典型植物木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)、夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)和台湾相思(Acacia confusa)为实验材料,通过对培养基质及植株叶片施加不同浓度的盐溶液,研究不同植物的耐盐能力,筛选耐盐树种.主要结论如下:(1)根据植株生长状况,木麻黄植株的根、叶均可耐受质量浓度3.0%的盐胁迫;夹竹桃植株可耐质量浓度1.0%以下的根系盐胁迫和质量浓度3.0%以下的叶片盐胁迫;台湾相思植株可耐浓度质量2.0%以下的根系盐胁迫和质量浓度0.6%以下的叶片盐胁迫;(2)综合研究结果显示,3种植株耐盐能力为木麻黄夹竹桃台湾相思;(3)植物的生长状态、成活率和株高增长率指标可以很好的指示植株受盐害程度及耐盐能力,可结合赋值法对区域植被耐盐能力进行简单快速的调查;(4)在土壤含盐量较高和受海洋飞沫影响较大的滨海地带开展植被修复时,推荐木麻黄为优先树种;但在土壤含盐量较低的干旱地带,推荐夹竹桃作为先锋品种.     

生态科学研究的新进展

生态科学与资源开发、环境保护以及经济发展密不可分,并表现出了一系列的新特点.在研究对象、研究方法、研究思路、研究的深度与广度等方面发生了一系列的变化,如理论研究系统化、研究对象复杂化、研究方法丰富化、研究时效长期化、研究尺度多样化、研究目的实用化、研究过程可视化与数字化、研究手段模型化和定量化.随着科学理念的深入,生态科学将为低碳环保、城市规划、应对气候变化以及可持续发展提供理论支撑与科学方法.     

宁德地质公园奇特景观的科学价值浅析

宁德地质公园集晶洞花岗岩地貌、火山岩地貌、河床侵蚀地貌、海岸海蚀地貌于一体,景观具有很高的观赏价值。公园的许多地质遗迹具有稀有性和独特性,多种地貌景观的组合,反映了其地质历史的复杂性。地质遗迹与生物、人文景观的结合使宁德地质公园具有丰富的科学内涵和科普价值。