21世纪的地球信息科学及其应用

分析了地图学、遥感、地理信息系统及全球定位系统的发展 ,为地球信息科学的建立奠定了基础。论述了地球信息科学的内涵、理论基础、技术体系以及地球信息图谱等基本概念 ,阐述了地球信息科学在资源清查与管理、经济与社会可持续发展规划决策与管理、城市规划与现代化管理、农业规划决策与生产管理、灾害预测与灾情评估、环境污染与生态变化监测、全球变化监测与研究等方面的应用前景。     

Trust as a proxy indicator for intrinsic quality of Volunteered Geographic Information in biodiversity monitoring programs

In this article, we present a fuzzy model for intrinsic quality assessment of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) on species occurrences obtained by Citizen Science (CS) biodiversity monitoring programs. The proposed VGI quality assurance approach evaluates the thematic and positional quality of the crowdsourced biodiversity observation in terms of the trustworthiness of the observation by combining three indicators of consistency with habitat, consistency with surroundings, and reputation of contributor, that characterize the geographical and social aspects of trust in VGI. To evaluate the performance and usability of the proposed approach for evaluating the trustworthiness of crowdsourced observations and detecting thematic and positional errors in crowdsourced observations, the developed approach was applied to the crowdsourced observations on Acer macrophyllum collected through the CS biodiversity monitoring projects of E-Flora BC and iNaturalist. The result of a conformity test at the optimal acceptance threshold (sensitivity = 0.99, specificity = 0.8, and Cohen’s kappa = 0.79), the achieved area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.98), and the results of the complementary investigation on the predictions of the proposed model indicated that the proposed fuzzy trust model exhibited promising predictive performance and was able to flag the majority of attribute and positional errors in the crowdsourced biodiversity observations.     

国际海底观测网络的发展及现状

海底观测网络是推动海洋科学技术发展,了解地球环境系统的重要基础,也是帮助人类了解海洋从而促进全球经济发展的重要方法。文章回顾了各国在海底观测系统发展过程中的研究计划和建设情况;介绍了当前各国海底观测网络及其投入业务应用后,在多学科综合观测、多网络交互融合、数据交换利用以及海洋科学应用等方面的发展方向,对我国海底观测探测网络建设,深海新型传感器发展,海底观测网标准化体系完善等方向进行了分析展望。     

《周易》乃地学之初

对的研究已有几千年的历史,人们一般认为,是西周时期形成的占筮算卦用书.本文认为,本为人类活动所遇到的种种自然现象对人类产生影响的汇编.它探讨天、地、雷、风、水、火、山和泽8个方面的特点及其相互关系,它们有的相互对立,有的相互依存,"刚柔相推,变在其中矣".同时,还探讨上述8个方面及其相互关系随时间的发展变化.对后来的重大水利工程有指导意义.因此,作者认为实系地学之初.     

Risk-opportunity analysis for transformative policy design and appraisal

The climate crisis demands a strong response from policy-makers worldwide. The current global climate policy agenda requires technological change, innovation, labour markets and the financial system to be led towards an orderly and rapid low-carbon transition. Yet progress has been slow and incremental. Inadequacies of policy appraisal frameworks used worldwide may be significant contributors to the problem, as they frequently fail to adequately account for the dynamics of societal and technological change. Risks are underestimated, and the economic opportunities from innovation are generally not assessed in practice. Here, we identify root causes of those inadequacies and identify them to structural features of standard analysis frameworks. We use a review of theoretical principles of complexity science and the science of dynamical systems and formulate a generalisation of existing frameworks for policy analysis and the appraisal of outcomes of proposed policy strategies, to help better identify and frame situations of transformational change. We use the term “risk-opportunity analysis” to capture the generalised approach, in which conventional economic cost-benefit analysis is a special case. New guiding principles for policy-making during dynamic and transformational change are offered.     

四川盆地强暴雨过程诊断及中尺度分析

为了探索四川盆地暴雨天气发生发展的机制,利用云图和美国环境预报中心的全球再分析资料,针对2010年8月18—19日出现的暴雨过程进行环流形势、物理量场及中尺度特征分析,结果表明：暴雨过程中不断有低压槽东移,西太平洋副高西伸至盆地东部,暖湿气流通过低层绕流等方式进入盆地;在低层辐合高层辐散和热力不稳定的条件下,随着干冷空气入侵,对流运动异常强烈,促使强降水发生,湿位涡等值线密集带对暴雨落区预报有较好的指示意义。中尺度对流系统各阶段特征明显,与中尺度气旋演变有很好的相关性。     

基于土地系统科学的土地利用转型与城乡融合发展

土地系统科学的研究视角可为促进城乡融合发展的土地利用转型研究提供参考借鉴.本文在梳理国际上土地系统科学发展历程基础上,基于土地系统科学研究视角探讨了土地利用转型影响城乡融合发展的理论框架、方式与路径以及促进城乡融合发展的土地利用转型调控途径与措施.土地系统科学致力于监测土地变化,解释驱动因素和反馈机制,理解发生于土地上...     

信息科学与矿产预测

矿产预测实质上就是对成矿系统演化过程精确性表达的探索,现代信息科学的发展为理解成矿系统的非线性特性以及信息运动过程提供了必要的理论基础.文章从信息与成矿信息、虚拟现实技术与成矿预测可视化和信息模型与成矿系统三个方面阐述了信息科学的发展与矿产预测之间的紧密联系,并在此基础上探讨了其发展趋势.     

对图书馆新老五定律的反思

老五律的价值体现在以读者为中心 ;新五律渗透着对新技术和社会环境的关注。虽然都有闪光点 ,但是老五律本身自相矛盾 ;新五律所论述问题失诸过宽 ,缺乏理论的严谨性、科学性。     

因子分析法在学生成绩评定中的应用

通过范例分析了学生成绩评定的一些常用的方法,简单介绍了因子分析法.运用SPSS软件中的因子分析方法,结合教育科学知识与数理统计的相关理论,对某大学某系的学生成绩进行因子分析,找出公共因子并解释,得出结论,评定学生成绩系统,阐明全面评定学生成绩的重要性.