论保持地球上某特定曲线等长的等角投影

本文着重讨论了保持地球上某一条特定曲线等长的等角投影的存在性特点和数学模型,并在此基础上首次求出了保持等角航线等长的等角投影和斜椭圆柱等角投影。本文所述的理论和方法可做为建立等角空间投影的基础。     

三维断层生长的自相似问题

本文使用简捷的数学推导,将Fukao和Furumato（1985）的二维断层自相似结构模型推广到三维情况,相应地解释了前震与主震的能量比、主震与最大余震的震级差、大小地震比值b等地震学统计规律.     

地形影响地面运动的观测研究

本文利用矿山爆破,进行了地形对地面运动影响的观测研究.9次爆破的结果表明,山顶处位移和速度的谱曲线的峰区较山前和其它测点的集中,振幅的量值也大,其放大倍率约为3,其中与山体走向平行的水平分量放大得最大,与之垂直的次之,而垂直于地面的最小;山顶测点不同分量上最大位移所对应的周期接近,其对山前的放大量值近于2,也是水平分量大于垂直分量;山顶处地面运动的延续时间取决于爆破的药量和方式,山前等测点延时的放大为3-4倍,也是水平分量大于垂直分量.山顶上地面运动的这种特殊性,是由于入射波所激发的山体共振所引起的.     

利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性

本文以太行山为界将华北地区分为东西两部分,东部为河淮块体,西部为鄂尔多斯块体.利用最小二乘法,从混合路径基阶瑞利面波群速度频散提取两块体的纯路径频散,并反演其地壳、上地幔的层状结构.所得结表果明,两块体的面波频散和地壳、上地幔结构存在明显差异.东部的河淮块体地壳较薄,地壳内平均速度比西部的鄂尔多斯块体壳内平均速度约低0.13km/s,壳内20km深度左右出现低速层;而西部的块体壳内速度成层递增,未见低速层出现.两块体上地幔顶部速度均偏低,地幔低速层的埋藏深度基本相同.但西部块体地幔低速层厚,且比东部块体地幔低速层的速度约低0.3km/s.     

Surface wave propagation in a transversely isotropic elastic layer overlying a liquid saturated porous solid half-space and lying under the uniform layer of liquid

Dispersion of Rayleigh-type surface wave is studied in a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic layer overlying a nondissipative liquid-saturated porous solid half-space and lying under a uniform layer of homogeneous liquid. The frequency equation in the form of ninth-order determinant is obtained.Special cases have been deduced by reducing the depth of the layers to zero and by changing the transverse isotropic layer to an isotropic layer. Dispersion curves for the phase velocity have been plotted for a particular model.     

The hydrological response of soil surfaces to rainfall as affected by cover and position of rock fragments in the top layer

Rainfall experiments have been conducted in the laboratory in order to assess the hydrological response of top soils very susceptible to surface sealing and containing rock fragments in different positions with respect to the soil surface. For a given cover level, rock fragment position in the top soil has an ambivalent effect on water intake and runoff generation. Compared to a bare soil surface rock fragments increase water intake rates as well as time of runoff concentration and decrease runoff volume if they rest on the soil surface. For the same cover level, rock fragments reduce infiltration rate and enhance runoff generation if they are well embedded in the top layer. The effects of rock fragment position on infiltration rate and runoff generation are proportional to cover percentage. Micromorphological analysis and measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of bare top soils and of the top layer underneath rock fragments resting on the soil surface reveal significant differences supporting the mechanism proposed by Poesen (1986): i.e. runoff generated as rock flow or as Horton overland flow can (partly) infiltrate into the unsealed soil surface under the rock fragments, provided that they are not completely embedded in the top layer. Hence, rock fragment position, beside other rock fragment properties, should be taken into account when assessing the hydrological response of soils susceptible to surface sealing and containing rock fragments in their surface layers. A simple model, based on the proportions of bare soil surface, soil surface occupied by embedded rock fragments, and soil surface covered with rock fragments resting on the soil surface, describes the runoff coefficient data relatively well.     

青藏高原地区OLR与地面有效辐射关系的分析

青藏高原;;OLR;;地面有效辐射     

水对受力岩石变形破坏宏观力学效应的实验研究

为了了解水对受力岩石的宏观力学效应,在MTS电液伺服材料试验系统上,对不同饱水度的砂岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩和大理岩进行了单轴压缩试验,取得了这几种岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随饱水度变化的定量结果.结果表明,水对受力岩石的力学效应与岩石中的含水状态是密切相关的,自然状态的砂岩、花岗闪长岩浸水后,其峰值强度和弹性模量随饱水度的增加而迅速衰减,当饱水度达到某一定值时,这两种岩石的峰值强度和弹性模量基本稳定下来;文中用函数Y=Aexp（-Bx）+C对实验结果进行了最小二乘法拟合.实验中求得水饱和状态和自然状态砂岩的泊松比并没有明显差异,说明在宏观上水对该种岩石受力变形的作用是各向同性的.通过10^-5/s和10^-4/s两种不同应变率试验,发现水对受力岩石的力学效应具有时间依赖性,这一特点说明仅从有效应力原理来考虑水对受力岩石的力学效应是不够的,而应考虑应力腐蚀这样复杂的过程.此外,大理岩的试验结果表明,水对受力的碳酸盐类岩石的作用机理是一个值得进一步探讨的问题,它与水对受力的含SiO₂类岩石相比,可能存在差异.     

延庆、怀来地区地壳深部磁性构造与地震的研究

应用三维磁性层反演理论和方法，对延庆、怀来地区航磁资料进行了数据处理，反演计算了该区磁性基底埋深、居里等温面埋深和视磁化强度分布。揭示了延庆盆地、矾山盆地、怀来盆地、涿鹿盆地等四个相互联通盆地的磁性基底的定量特征。对该区地震发生的深部原因和地壳内不同特性块体与地震的关系进行了探讨；对该区地震分布的特点进行了研究；初步提出了该区地震的危险区划和今后的重点监测区。     

大孔隙与大孔隙率矿石的石蜡法体重测定中的修正问题

以伽玛测井解释含量确定铀矿储量时，矿石体重应该是天然状态下的体重，当矿心孔隙度较大而有部分失水，并存在表面大孔隙时，封蜡法所测得的体重系统偏小。对此，本文改进了测定方法，提出了修正方案，并以某矿床为例分析了产生表面孔隙的原因及修正后的具体结果。