液化地基的评价及处理的体会

合理评价液化地基及采用科学的处理方案对工程建设有重要意义，总结了影响地基液化的主要因素及液化判定的一般方法，提出了一种新的液化判定方法——归一法。结合实例就液化地基的设计与处理谈了一些体会。     

1995年永登地震山体变形计算机模拟与机理分析

1995年甘肃永登5．8级地震引起了黄土山梁的酥裂震陷，说明黄土在较小震级下也会有失稳现象．利用三维土体的有限元计算方法，对永登地震山体变形进行了计算机模拟，并定量地分析了变形的机理。     

曲线拟合法在地电场资料处理中的应用

地电场和电阻率同场地观测时，电阻率观测会干扰地电场的观测数据发生大幅度变化。本主要探讨通过曲线拟合的方法消除这种干扰及其它随机干扰，并给出了对实际观测数据处理的结果。     

岩体三维不连续裂隙网络及其逆建模方法

通过拟合实测的二维裂隙编录图和钻孔裂隙编录图，优化裂隙三维大小和密度参数，使模型能够准确再现野外所观测到的实际现象，包括开挖面和钻孔上不同裂隙的数量、密度和长度，通过计算实例验证了方法的可行性。     

河南金渠金矿区采用先进的SD法储量计算审定方法效果显著

SD法是一种全新的储量计算和审定方法，是我国使用的三大储量计算方法（传统法、克里格法和SD法）之一。根据国土资源部的指示和 要求，三门峡金渠集团有限公司和北京恩地科技发展有限责任公司共同对河南省灵宝市金渠金矿区的6条矿脉、10个矿体的资源储量运用SD斜曲面法进行了全面的复核计算，有效地确定了各矿脉和矿体的储量数值及其地质可靠程度。     

Principle and mathematical method for inverting stress State of a medium from the remote sensing data

It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed.     

Distribution of L_g coda Q in the Chinese continent and its adjacent regions

In continent Lg is usually one of the predominant phases recorded by short-period or broad-band seismometers. A ray-theoretical approach shows that Lg wave is the superposition of higher-mode surface waves propagating in the continental crust[1—4]. The g…     

A synthetic optimization analysis method on structures with viscoelastic dampers

The paper introduces a synthetic optimization analysis method of structures with viscoelastic (VE) dampers, namely the simplex method. The optimal parameters and location of VE dampers can be determined by this method. Numerical example and a shaking table test about reinforced concrete structures with VE dampers show that the seismic responses of structures will be reduced more effectively when the parameters and location of VE dampers are designed in accordance with the results calculated by the simplex method.     

Methodology for construction, calibration and validation of a national hydrological model for Denmark

An integrated groundwater/surface water hydrological model with a 1 km² grid has been constructed for Denmark covering 43,000 km². The model is composed of a relatively simple root zone component for estimating the net precipitation, a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater component for estimating recharge to and hydraulic heads in different geological layers, and a river component for streamflow routing and calculating stream–aquifer interaction. The model was constructed on the basis of the MIKE SHE code and by utilising comprehensive national databases on geology, soil, topography, river systems, climate and hydrology. The present paper describes the modelling process for the 7330 km² island of Sjælland with emphasis on the problems experienced in combining the classical paradigms of groundwater modelling, such as inverse modelling of steady-state conditions, and catchment modelling, focussing on dynamic conditions and discharge simulation. Three model versions with different assumptions on input data and parameter values were required until the performance of the final, according to pre-defined accuracy criteria, model was evaluated as being satisfactory. The paper highlights the methodological issues related to establishment of performance criteria, parameterisation and assessment of parameter values from field data, calibration and validation test schemes. Most of the parameter values were assessed directly from field data, while about 10 ‘free’ parameters were subject to calibration using a combination of inverse steady-state groundwater modelling and manual trial-and-error dynamic groundwater/surface water modelling. Emphasising the importance of tests against independent data, the validation schemes included combinations of split-sample tests (another period) and proxy-basin tests (another area).     

Scaling effects on modeled surface energy-balance components using the NOAH-OSU land surface model

As surface exchange processes are highly non-linear and heterogeneous in space and time, it is important to know the appropriate scale for the reasonable prediction of these exchange processes. For example, the explicit representation of surface variability has been vital in predicting mesoscale weather events such as late-afternoon thunderstorms initiated by latent heat exchanges in mid-latitude regions of the continental United States. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of different spatial scales of input data on modeled fluxes, so as to better understand the resolution needed for accurate modeling. A statistical procedure was followed to select two cells from the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology experiment region, each 20 km×20 km, representing the most homogeneous and the most heterogeneous surface conditions (based on soil and vegetation) within the study region. The NOAH-OSU (Oregon State University) Land Surface Model (LSM) was employed to estimate surface energy fluxes. Three scales of study (200 m, 2 and 20 km) were considered in order to investigate the impacts of the aggregation of input data, especially soil and vegetation inputs, on the model output. Model results of net radiation and latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes were compared for the three scales. For the heterogeneous area, the model output at the 20-km resolution showed some differences when compared with the 200-m and 2-km resolutions. This was more pronounced in latent heat (12% decrease), sensible heat (22% increase), and ground heat flux (44% increase) estimation than in net radiation. The scaling effects were much less for the relatively homogeneous land area with 5% increase in sensible heat and 4% decrease in ground heat flux estimation. All of the model outputs for the 2- and 20-km resolutions were in close agreement. The results suggested that, for this study region, soils and vegetation input resolution of about 2 km should be chosen for realistic modeling of surface exchange processes. This resolution was sufficient to capture the effects of sub-grid scale heterogeneity, while avoiding the data and computational difficulties associated with higher spatial resolutions.