Generating random numbers in the field

A pseudo-random number generator which is easy to remember and uses the very simple sequences 321 and 123 can be readily implemented on any available hand calculator. The generator is given by the recursive relation: R_i=321 × R_i–1+123, and is initiated using any 5-digit number for R_i–1 and saving the rightmost 5 digits of R_i for the next R_i–1;the two leftmost digits of R_i then yield an acceptable random number between 00 and 99. Alternately, a much better generator is given which can be jotted down in a notebook or taped to the back of your calculator.     

Sunspot numbers and area-weighted united states monthly temperature and precipitation

Spectral analyses were made of derived area-index series of areas subject to extreme temperatures and precipitation as well as cross-spectral analyses of the area-index series with double sunspot cycle (Zurich) numbers. Superposed epoch analyses also were made of area-index series versus various double-sunspot cycle phases. Area series for wet and dry Junes, warm Junes, defined June drought, and warm Januaries all show statistically significant double sunspot cycle (21 year) periodicities. The 21-year cycle of above-normal June precipitation is most striking and has not received previous recognition.Journal Paper No. J-10007 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, Project 2397.     

第23太阳周黑子相对数的峰值、峰期以及结束期的预测

Two parameters,the smoothed sunspot numbers in the eleventh month during rising phase of the current cycle and the length month of the minimum period (R<14),are selected to predict the maximum-value of sunspot number of cycle 23 in this paper. The predicted maximum-values of smoothed sunspot number are 115<Ri<149 and 114<Ri<146 also predicted by statistical method. The peak-time will be from September,1999 to March,2000,and the end-time will be from August,2006 to April,2008.     

大气负荷格林函数的压强效应

定义了大气压强负荷勒夫数，给出了大气压强引起的地球变形格林函数的表达式，利用程序计算了大气压强负荷勒夫数和格林函数。     

负荷勒夫数的渐近值

通过求解负荷勒夫数满足的微分方程的渐近解研究负荷勒夫数的渐近表达式。得出的结论比Farrell的经典结论精确一个数量级。     

On possible drivers of Sun-induced climate changes

We tested the validity of two current hypotheses on the dependence of climate change on solar activity. One of them states that variations in the tropospheric temperature are caused directly by changes of the solar radiance (total or spectral). The other suggests that cosmic ray (CR) fluctuations, caused by the solar/heliospheric modulation, affect the climate via cloud formation. Confronting these hypotheses with seven different sets of the global/hemispheric temperature reconstructions for the last 400 years, we found that the former mechanism is in general more prominent than the latter. Therefore, we can conclude that in so far as the Sun–climate connection is concerned tropospheric temperatures are more likely affected by variations in the UV radiation flux rather than by those in the CR flux.     

A new method to calculate the resonant response of a sunspot model atmosphere to magneto-atmospheric waves

In order to understand the observed oscillations in sunspots we present a new method for calculating the resonant response of a realistic semi-empirical model of the sunspot umbral atmosphere and subphotosphere to magneto-atmospheric waves in a vertical magnetic field. The depth dependence of both the adiabatic coefficient and the turbulent pressure is taken into account. This requires an extension of the wave equations by Ferraro & Plumpton (1958). We compare the coefficients of wave transmission, re flection, and conversion between fast mode and slow mode waves for different assumptions, compare the results with those from earlier modelling efforts, and point out possible sources of mistakes. The depth dependence of the adiabatic coefficient strongly influences the resulting spectrum of resonance frequencies. The condition of a conservation of wave flux is violated if the depth dependence of the turbulent pressure is not properly considered.     

基于地球简正模理论的Love数计算

基于地球简正模理论,深入研究球对称、非自转、弹性、各向同性地球模型下,地球受到不同外力作用(体力和面力)而发生变形引起的位移场和外部空间重力场的变化;推导计算潮汐Love数、负荷Love数、正应力和剪应力Love数的计算公式,揭示简正模与Love数之间的内在联系;利用PREM地球模型计算地表的不同Love数,并与由常规的解微分方程组的数值积分方法获得的结果进行比较。结果表明,两者具有很好的一致性,说明公式的正确性。