中国南极长城站室内空气微生物含量七年前后的比较

中国南极长城站室内空气微生物含量的考察结果表明,七年后,虽然一些室内空气微生物含量有所下降,即空气质量有所改善,但总体来看,略是上升势。与友邻科考站相比,长城站的多少有点偏高。也比非南极的较高纬度的某些室内空气微生物含量高。结果意味着长城站尚有提高空气质量、改善环境状况的余地。     

Benchmark computations for flows around a stationary cylinder with high Reynolds numbers by RANS-overset grid approach

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy, stability and efficiency of the overset grid approach coupled with the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) model via the benchmark computations of flows around a stationary smooth circular cylinder. Two dimensional numerical results are presented within a wide range of Reynolds numbers (6.31 × 10⁴ ∼ 7.57 × 10⁵) including the critical flow regime. All the simulations are carried out using the RANS solver pimpleFoam provided by OpenFOAM, an open source CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) toolkit. Firstly, a grid convergence study is performed. The results of the time-averaged drag and lift force coefficients, root-mean square value of lift force coefficient and Strouhal number (St number) are then compared with the experimental data. The velocity, vorticity fields and pressure distribution are also given. One main conclusion is that the numerical solutions in regard to a fixed cylinderare not deteriorated due to the implementation of the overset grid. Furthermore, it can be an appealing approach to facilitate simulations of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV), which involves grid deformation. The present study is a good start to implement the overset grid to solve VIV problems in the future.     

Evaluation of the "time factor" and "light factor" methods for estimating daily phytoplankton production at the sea surface

Daily phytoplankton production was estimated at the sea surface in the southern Benguela Current during January, March, April and October 1978 by different methods of calculation. Actual daily production (P_{24 meas}) was obtained from a series of short-term (3—4 h) incubations spanning 24 hours. Daily production was also extrapolated from single measurements during daylight by the "time factor" and "light factor" methods of calculation. These estimates (P_{24 calc}) vary considerably from P_{24 meas}, but on average they underestimate daily production. Estimates by the "light factor" method are generally lower and more variable than those from the "time factor" method. Differences in amplitude and timing of fluctuations in the rate of net production during daylight make it impossible to calculate reliable factors for correcting diel variations in photosynthesis when estimating daily production from short-term measurements. It is suggested that the effects of diel variation in production are likely to be less significant in the euphotic zone as a whole than at the sea surface alone.     

太阳黑子活动与新疆强震活动的关系

使用1900年以来的太阳黑子数据,统计分析了其与新疆地区MS≥6.6强震的关系。结果显示：新疆地区69%的MS≥6.6和86%的MS≥7的地震,发生在黑子数月均值≤35的时段内。以黑子数月均值≤20和≤35的时段作为MS≥6.6强震的预测指标,报准率分别为71%和64%;以黑子数月均值≤35的时段作为MS≥6.6强震的预测指标,报准率为69%。R值评分检验表明,上述预测指标是有效的。最后使用这些统计关系和指标对新疆未来几年发生强震的可能性作了估计。     

基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型

采用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及函数间运算简化为普通的实数之间运算,建立基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型(ARA-SSTFN)。结果说明:以置信区间形式表示的ARA-SSTFN评价结果,比现有常规方法结果提供评价结果可靠性方面更多信息,能反映受多种不确定性因素综合影响的地下水环境系统综合风险评价客观实际情况;ARA-SSTFN在流域水资源、水环境和水旱灾害等有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性因素综合作用的各种资源环境系统综合风险评价问题中有推广应用价值。     

Zn上的k次不可约多项式与k阶Carmichael数

设n是合数,如果对一切f（x）∈Zn[x]都满足f（x）nk≡f（x）mod（n,r（x））,那么就称n是模r（x）的k阶Carmichael数,这里r（x）是Zn[x]上的k次首一不可约多项式,用Ck,r（x）表示所有这种数的集合,并且定义Ck=Ur（x）Ck,r（x）.k阶Carmichael数,当k=4时,已证明了n=pq,p,q是不同的奇素数,p2-1,q3-1均整除n4-1,则n∈C4.主要目的是将k=4时得出的结论推广到k≥4的一般情形,利用孙子定理,通过构造Zn上的首一k次不可约多项式f（x）的方法,得出：在k≥4时,设n=pq,如果k=2m,m≥2,pm-1,q2m-1-1均整除nk-1,则n∈Ck;如果k=2m＋1,m≥2,pm-1,pm＋1-1,q2m-1均整除nk-1,则n∈Ck.     

基于卫星服务中断的GPS在中国服务区可用性分析

由于导航卫星硬件失效和轨道维持等原因,会引起卫星服务的暂时中断。卫星服务中断又会导致导航星座可用性下降。以GPS卫星4类中断的平均间隔时间、平均恢复时间为参数,建立了导航卫星的平均可用性及导航星座平均可用性数学模型。仿真分析了卫星服务中断的情况下GPS在我国服务区的可用性。仿真结果对于我国目前进行的区域卫星导航系统建设(北斗卫星导航系统建设的第2步)以及参与GPS市场竞争均具有重要作用。     

辽宁降水分区变化特征及夏季降水影响因子分析

根据1961—2000年辽宁地区降水资料,将辽宁地区降水划分为4个区,分析各分区降水的年际、年代际、季节变化以及周期特征。结果表明:辽宁南部和东南部地区降水明显减少;自20世纪90年代开始,东南部和南部地区降水显著减少,而中部地区降水增加;东南部地区的夏冬季和南部地区的冬季降水减少,西部地区春季降水增多。周期特征为春季和冬季周期为2 a或4 a,夏季和秋季为10 a。各分区夏季降水的影响因子不同,辽南地区多雨年东亚槽明显加深,东南区多雨年东亚槽略有加深并且偏东;南部和东南部夏季降水与副热带高压系统相关显著;各区夏季降水与太阳黑子负相关较好,其中8月相关显著,南部和中部相关性均好于东南部和西部地区。     

foF2月中值太阳循环变化及单站谱模型研究

利用我国9个电离层观测站第21和22太阳周大约20年的f_oF₂月中值数据,分析太阳活动和地磁活动对电离层f_oF₂的影响,结果显示白天和夏季夜间f_oF₂和太阳黑子数R之间存在着明显非线性关系,并且随着纬度的降低逐渐增强．当回归分析加入地磁Ap指数时,多重回归模型与实测值误差进一步减小,说明同时考虑太阳活动和地磁活动的非线性影响能够更好地描述f_oF₂的变化．基于f_oF₂太阳黑子数R及地磁指数Ap之间的非线性统计关系,利用Fourier 级数建立9个单站谱模型,并与国际参考电离层IRI进行了比较,精度有一定提高．     

Sunspot groups as tracers of sub-surface processes

Data on sunspot groups have been quite useful for obtaining clues to several processes on global and local scales within the sun which lead to emergence of toroidal magnetic flux above the sun’s surface. I present here a report on such studies carried out at Indian Institute of Astrophysics during the last decade or so.