高斯投影与横墨卡托投影等价性证明

为探寻球面高斯与横墨卡托投影间的内在联系,将墨卡托投影中的圆柱旋转90°,与某一子午线相切,并根据球面三角形定理得到横墨卡托投影的一般表达式;考虑到高斯投影实数型级数展开式不易于进行公式变换,推导出球面高斯投影复变函数表示式;根据复变函数及常用初等函数的定义,从高斯投影复变函数表示出发,经过一系列数学分析过程,给出球面高斯投影与横轴墨卡托投影等价性的严格证明。     

琼中地磁台以磁报震方法探索

通过对海南低纬度地区地磁场垂直分量的特殊变化与海南岛及其邻近地区地震活动的对比分析,并结合实用化攻关成果,总结出一套利用琼中地磁台垂直分量１１年变化周期、相关系数Ｒ值变化曲线和日变化“双低点”异常预报海南岛及其邻近地区地震活动的方法。     

不同延性条件下框架柱塑性铰区箍筋抗剪能力试验研究

允许钢筋混凝土框架柱端出现塑性铰但又不形成柱铰破坏机构是一个十分现实而又未得以很好解决的课题。通过10个钢筋混凝土框架柱构件抗震剪切抗力的试验研究,明确了加载全过程骶架柱构件中箍筋与混凝土的抗剪贡献及比例,分析了框架柱塑性铰区抗剪机理,为框架柱基于延性的抗震设计提供了试验依据。     

Distinguishing climatic from direct anthropogenic influences during the past 400 years in varved sediments from Lake Holzmaar (Eifel,Germany)

A 336-year floating varve chronology from Lake Holzmaar (Eifel, Western-Germany) covering the recent period has been established by microfacies analysis of thin sections. This sequence terminates 23 cm below the core top. In the top 23 cm, the varves are disturbed. By means of linear regression, the varve sequence was dated to the period AD 1607–1942. The influences of climatic variability and anthropogenic activities in the lakes catchment (e.g., forestry, agriculture) on lithology, fabric, and microfossil content of the varve sublaminae could be discriminated by applying statistical analyses (ordination and clustering) to the combination of the sublaminae in the varves and their thickness. Four clusters are obtained. Cluster 1 indicates cold springs, and shorter, cooler summers reflected primarily in below-average varve thickness (VT) for two stable phases: from AD 1650–1700 (during the Maunder Minimum) and from AD 1750–1785. Cluster 2 indicates years with conditions transitional to that indicated by cluster 1, characterized by vigorous and prolonged spring circulation with massive blooms of the nordic-alpine Aulacoseira subarctica. The samples assigned to Cluster 3 and Cluster 4 show the imprint of anthropogenic influences. Cluster 3 (AD 1795–1815 and AD 1825–1885) is characterized by above-average VT due to high detritus input throughout the year. The increased soil erosion can be linked to anthropogenic deforestation as a consequence of the production increase of the Eifelian iron industry at the end of the 18th century. This input dampens the climatic signal of a colder Dalton Minimum, which is reflected in a short drop in VT centered around AD 1810. At about AD 1885, Cluster 4 conditions, characterized by increased nutrient concentrations, low detritus input, and longer periods of stable summer stratification, become the stable state in Lake Holzmaar. They indicate the response of the lake to natural reforestation and the use of artificial fertilizers in the catchment, which began, according to historical records, in the 1850s in the Eifel region. The prolonged, stable summer stratification periods may be the first indication of the modern warming trend. A drop in VT centered around AD 1890 and recurring cluster-1 conditions may indicate the Damon Minimum.     

High-damping, high-Reynolds VIV tests for energy harnessing using the VIVACE converter

The VIVACE converter enhances VIV to harness horizontal hydrokinetic energy of water flows. High-Reynolds and high-damping are required to operate VIVACE in ocean/river currents. Scarce VIV data exist in that parametric subspace. Tests are performed for Reynolds number 40,000<Re<120,000 and damping 0<ζ<0.16 in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water Channel of the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Extensive testing was made possible by building a virtual damper-spring apparatus, which has been system identified and verified with real damper-spring tests. Thus, damping and stiffness are adjusted by software rather than hardware. From the VIV tests, the optimal damping for energy harnessing was found for velocity 0.40 m/s<U<1.10 m/s using spring stiffness 400 N/m<k<1800 N/m. Thus, the VIVACE converter power envelope is developed. The following experimental observations are made: (1) In the high-lift TrSL3 and TrBL0 flow regimes, high-amplitude, high-damping VIV is maintained. (2) VIV strongly depends on Reynolds. (3) The amplitude ratio (A/D) increases with Reynolds number within the upper branch of the VIV synchronization range. (4) In TrSL3/TrBL0, A/D of 1.78 was achieved for a smooth cylinder routinely in low damping. (5) Power density of 98.2 W/m³ at 1.03 m/s (2 knots) is achieved including space between cylinders.     

Limnology of Lake Ngahewa,North Island,New Zealand

The water chemistry, flora, and fauna of Lake Ngahewa are described. Its waters are coloured by humic material from a flax swamp and the mean carbon: nitrogen ratio of the sediments lies in the range for dystrophic lakes. Thermal stratification is very weak or absent during summer, although deoxygenation occurs at depths below 3 m in late summer. The lake is highly productive and has a diverse phytoplankton and zooplankton population, which is different in species composition from other nearby eutrophic lakes; some algal species common in nearby eutrophic lakes are absent, and there is a high ratio of rotifers to cladocerans and copepods.

The high levels of dissolved phosphorus (42.2 mg.m^‐3) and nitrogen (up to 36.1 mg.m^‐3 NO3‐N) in the lake waters, and the differences in the flora and fauna compared with neighbouring lakes give only weak support to its tenuous classification as a dystrophic lake on the basis of water colour and sediment carbon values. The concept of dystrophy is discussed.     

感染嗜水气单胞菌对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

嗜水气单胞菌是淡水鱼流行性败血症的主要致病菌.文中通过试验用鲫鱼腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌,在其染菌后不同时间取血,通过白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力的变化趋势来研究感染病原菌对鱼类非特异性免疫功能的影响.结果表明,在鲫鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后前3d内,白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力依感染浓度不同,呈现先增加后降低的趋势.说明嗜水气单胞菌与鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能之间呈现一定的时间效应和浓度依赖性.     

The 27-Day Signal in Sunspot Number Series and the Solar Dynamo

We analyze the Wolf number daily series WN (1849 to present) as well as two other related series characterizing solar activity. Our analysis consists in computing the amplitude of a given Fourier component in a sliding time window and examining its long-term evolution. We start with the well-known 27.03- and 27.6-day periods and observe strong decadal variations of this amplitude as well as a sharp increase of the average value starting around 1905. We then consider a packet of 31 lines with periods from 25.743 to 28.453 days, which is shown to be a better representation of the synodic solar rotation. We first examine the temporal evolution of individual lines, then the energy of the packet. The energy of the packet increases sharply at the beginning of the 20th century, leading by more than two decades the well-known increase of the Wolf number. The nonaxisymmetry of sunspots increases before the total increase of activity and may be considered as a precursor. We discuss briefly and tentatively this observation in terms of solar dynamo theory.     

弯槽段冰塞形成及其厚度分布的试验研究

河流冰塞是寒冷地区河流的共性问题,弯槽段易于卡封是客观存在的现象,但对其形成机理的认识尚有待探索.借助于实验室的试验水槽,通过改变水流条件和冰流量条件,研究了弯槽段冰塞形成和厚度分布的规律.结果表明:当弯槽段先铺有模拟冰盖时,初始冰塞头部向下游推进的速度随水流的Fr增加而增加;当在弯槽尾部加上模拟的初封条件时,水流条件的变化可以产生冰塞发展的两种不同顺序,提出了实验室条件下的弯槽段冰塞体形成与否的临界F_r数.     

Automatic detection of sunspots on solar continuum HMI images blending local–global threshold

A huge collection of solar images to visualize sunspot are acquired by various solar observatories spread across the globe. This necessitates efficient tools for detecting and analyzing the sunspots encompassing diverse solar features. One such contribution is delivered in this work by exploiting the intrinsic intensity variations of solar images associated with sunspots and their attributes. The presented mechanism initially, pre-processes the acquired solar images by correcting the intensity variations introduced while profiling from the sun center to the limb followed by smoothening using a localized window. The resultant is then differenced from the global threshold that is obtained as a result of the statistical analysis computed over the probability distribution function of the input image. This arrangement offers higher discerning variations concerned with the local contextual structures related to sunspot, umbra, and penumbra. Also, it captures the major gradient variation between these regions that adds to the pixel heterogeneity surrounding them to finally render an automatic sunspot detection mechanism distinguishing the diverse solar regions. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) investigation on annual solar images in Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format reveals the presented method’s efficacy. Also, Pearson correlation analysis of the evaluated sunspot numbers from the detected sunspots with the solar catalog reveals the scheme’s detection closeness. Moreover, the model’s simplicity analyzed along the time and space dimensions affirms its extension to real-time analysis