西太平洋副热带高压与海表温度的关系

利用超前滞后相关分析研究了西太平洋副热带高压与海表面温度异常的关系。选取各关键海区分析海温与西太副高在不同时段上的超前滞后相关, 结果表明,冬季东太平洋海温与滞后其2—3个月的副高异常达最大正相关,热带印度洋海温异常与冬季同期副高异常的正相关最显著;西太平洋海温在冬春季与同期的副高负相关最显著;北太平洋海温在冬春季滞后副高1—2个月时存在负相关,大西洋暖池区6月与西太副高的同期正相关最大;对南太平洋来说,冬季的西太副高与从前秋到春季的SST都存在最大负相关。海表温度的异常主要解释冬春季的西太副高异常,而对于夏秋季副热带高压,SST的作用比较有限     

Intensified mid-Holocene Asian monsoon recorded in corals from Kikai Island, subtropical northwestern Pacific

Coupled records of Sr/Ca and oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O) of coral skeletons have been used to produce quantitative estimates of paleo-sea surface temperature (SST) and δ¹⁸O of surface seawater that can in some cases be converted to sea surface salinity (SSS). Two fossil corals from Kikai Island in the subtropical northwestern Pacific, a location affected by East Asian summer and winter monsoons, were analyzed to investigate differences between mid-Holocene and present-day SST and SSS. At 6180 cal yr BP, SSTs were roughly the same as today, both in summer and winter; δ¹⁸O_seawater and SSS values were higher both in summer (+ 0.5‰, +1.1 psu) and in winter (+ 0.2‰, + 0.6 psu) than modern values. At 7010 cal yr BP, SSTs were slightly cooler both in summer and winter (−0.8 and −0.6 °C), whereas δ¹⁸O_seawater and SSS had higher values in summer (+ 0.3‰, + 0.6 psu) and in winter (+ 0.8‰, + 1.9 psu) than present-day values. These results are consistent with other marine records for the mid-Holocene of the low and midlatitudes in the northwestern Pacific. Such regional conditions indicate that the East Asian summer and winter monsoons were more intense in the mid-Holocene, which was likely a function of the mid-Holocene insolation regime.     

2005年7月清江流域一次连续暴雨的中尺度分析

利用气象卫星、多普勒雷达及常规气象资料,对2005年7月8～10日清江流域连续暴雨过程进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)高低空急流的优势配置、高空急流右侧强辐散场的存在,副热带高压稳定于我国东南沿海,为此次暴雨提供了有利的大尺度环境背景;(2)雨团滞留和经过区域正是暴雨发生区域;(3)低层垂直风切变可使回波加强而产生强降水;(4)雷达回波中“逆风区”对于暴雨识别及暴雨落区预报具有很好的指示性。     

El Nino演变不同阶段东亚大气环流年际异常型的数值模拟

给定1948～1999年逐月变化的全球观测的海表温度分布，使用全球大气环流模式（CCM3/NCAR）模拟了大气对海表温度变化的响应，利用SVD和合成检验方法，分析了El Nino发展阶段夏季、成熟阶段冬季以及衰亡阶段夏季东亚大气环流的年际异常型.结果表明：El Nino发展阶段夏季，中国东北、朝鲜半岛以及日本海附近为高度负异常中心，西太平洋副高偏弱、偏东，东亚夏季风增强；El Nino成熟阶段冬季，东亚大槽加强，东亚北部冬季风加强；El Nino衰亡阶段夏季，西太平洋副高偏强、偏南、西伸，东亚夏季风减弱；El Nino事件在其衰亡阶段夏季与东亚大气环流异常的关系最紧密，其次是成熟阶段冬季，最后是发展阶段夏季.模拟的El Nino演变不同阶段东亚大气环流年际异常型易于解释以往研究中观测分析揭示的由El Nino造成的我国东部气温和降水异常型.     

南海北部热带气旋移动路径突然右折的预报研究

南海北部北邻华南沿海,当热带气旋以西或西北路径移至南海北部时突然右折,将很快登陆或严重影响华南地区,此时,如预报稍有失误,就会使整个防台减灾布置工作非常被动,甚至带来生命财产的巨大损失。本文利用８５－９０６－０５－０３攻关资料,对此类热带气旋移动路径突然右折的天气学原因进行研究,结果发现：（１）移向突变前４８～７２小时,在距热带气旋８－１０伟距的西北方位高层（２００ｈＰａ）出现大范围的西到西南气流     

亚热带富铁土的磁学性质及其磁性矿物学

通过５５个亚热带富铁土的磁化率（χ）、频率磁化率(χ_ｆｄ)、非滞后剩磁（ＡＲＭ）和饱 和等温剩磁（ＳＩＲＭ）等磁性参数测定,结合氧化铁化学形态分析和矿物鉴定,初步明确了亚热 带富铁土的磁学特征及其磁性矿物．磁测数据表明富铁土中存在强磁性的矿物,其磁化率χ 与土壤游离氧化铁（Ｆｅ_ｄ）含量呈极显著指数正相关（Ｒ^２＝０．５９７１）,频率磁化率χ_ｆｄ与土壤游离氧 化铁含量呈极显著直线正相关（Ｒ^２＝０．４２８９）．富铁土的χ_ｆｄ和非滞后磁化率χ_ＡＲＭ。值表明土壤 中的磁性矿物以超顺磁性（ＳＰ）和稳定单畴（ＳＳＤ）颗粒为主,富铁上的χ和χ_ＡＲＭ呈极显著直线 正相关（Ｒ^＝ ０．９４２９）,证明富铁土的磁性是由风化成土过程产生的 ＳＰ和 ＳＳＤ磁性颗粒贡献 的．矿物磁测结合Ｘ－衍射证明富铁土中的氧化铁矿物由赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿和针铁矿组成。     

Distribution of n-alkanes in lacustrine sediments from subtropical lake in Brazil

The geochemical composition of lake bed sediments of a tropical reservoir in Brazil have been investigated. The C, N, P composition showed almost no variation between the different sampling points. All samples contained inorganic phosphorus (IP) ranging from 52 to 70%. The Redfield ratios show that the lake is without significant anthropogenic inputs. Most of the organic matter is composed by higher plants decomposition revealed in the total organic carbon (TOC):nitrogen (N) ratio ranging from 15.4 to 57.2. Also, TOC:organic phosphorus (OP) ranged from 265.3 to 933.6, suggesting that most of the organic matter has terrestrial origin from wood plants. The ratios suggest that most organic matter is influenced by the terrestrial characteristics of the watershed. Furthermore, the relative abundance of n-alkane homologues in the sediments was investigated. All samples have been analyzed for the n-alkanes C₈ to C₄₀. The sediments were dominated by n-alkanes C₂₅–C₃₈. It is concluded that n-alkane in sediments mainly come from terrestrial plants, however there is a contribution of submerged aquatic plants, especially in those sites in deeper areas of the lake. On the basis of P_aq index the n-alkanes in sediments comes from terrestrial plants, however there is a contribution from emerged/floating plants.The investigated lake seems to be considered as meso to eutrophic. Because of the relatively high primary productivity in the lakes, there is a substantial organic-matter flux to the sediments, which rapidly becomes anoxic. According to the pristine/phytane ratio the sediments represent an anoxic environment with values found between 0.38 and 1.72.     

Subseasonal coupling between subsurface subtropical front and overlying atmosphere in North pacific in winter

At least two main oceanic fronts (the subarctic and subtropical fronts) exist in the North Pacific. Especially in the subtropical frontal zone (STFZ), the sea subsurface temperature gradient is significantly larger than that of the surface layer in winter. Subseasonal interaction between the subsurface subtropical front and overlaying atmosphere is revealed by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of oceanic temperature gradient. The first EOF mode mainly corresponds to the atmosphere-to-ocean influences. With the enhanced westerly wind, a cold sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) appears and then passes down to affect the subsurface ocean. However, the second EOF mode indicates the ocean-to-atmosphere forcing. For the second mode, cold oceanic temperature anomaly generates in the subsurface layer and passes up, which makes the SST gradient increasing. Due to the increasing atmospheric baroclinicity, the enhanced westerly wind leads to more heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere, which results in a colder SSTA and a larger SST gradient in the STFZ. Therefore, a positive ocean-atmosphere feedback begins to maintain in the mid-latitude in winter.     

热带和副热带环流对东亚低纬度冬季风强度影响

东亚冬季风具有南北一致变化和南北反相变化两种主要模态。与第一模态反映的南北贯穿的冬季风整体强弱变化不同,第二模态体现了低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化不依赖于中高纬度（中国北方地区）冬季风强弱、甚至与之相反的变化状态。本文利用经验正交函数分析、相关分析、偏相关分析等方法重点研究了在第二模态背景下,低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化对应的热带和副热带环流异常特征。研究发现:热带辐合带是影响低纬度冬季风的一个重要系统。当热带辐合带加强并向北推进时,热带西太平洋及南海地区对流上升运动相应加强。这一上升支可能强迫出低层偏北风异常,从而引起低纬度冬季风加强。此外,副热带高空急流是影响低纬度冬季风的另一个重要系统。急流轴上风速加强会造成入口区准地转偏北风的异常,它强迫出的正次级环流也会相应加强,对应急流北侧的异常下沉和南侧的异常上升,并促使低层产生偏北风异常,也即促进了低纬度冬季风加强。进一步考察热带辐合带对流活动和副热带急流风速异常对低纬度冬季风的独立和协同影响发现,前者的影响相对更为重要。而在二者同时增强的综合作用下,可引起中国南部35°N以南地区的偏北风异常显著增强,反之亦然。上述结果揭示,冬季低纬度风场的变化不仅受到北方冷空气爆发的影响,它还受制于热带、副热带环流系统异常的共同调控作用。     

基于全球大气环流三型分解的西太平洋副热带高压指数的新定义

西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）活动规律及其变异的动力学机理问题一直是我国气象学家的重要课题。本文针对现有研究和预测中常用的高度场指数不能全面、准确刻画全球变暖背景下的副高演变特征的缺陷,利用全球大气环流三型分解模型中的流函数能够等价描述副高三维空间几何图像的优势,以500 hPa水平型环流流函数的零等值线为客观标准,给出了副高面积、强度、脊线及西伸脊点指数的新定义,并以2018年夏季副高的短期结构演变特征及其与我国东部地区降水之间的关系研究为例,验证了本文新定义副高指数的客观性与合理性。本文利用全球大气环流三型分解模型中的水平型环流流函数新定义的副高指数,不仅从形态上准确刻画了副高的大尺度涡旋环流特征,而且全球大气环流三型分解的动力学、热力学方程组为进一步利用新指数开展副高异常演变的机理研究提供新的理论工具。